This study examines how the sentiment values in the first part of the book entitled as “Underground” of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “Notes from Underground” change from words to sentences to paragraphs. Using the GPT-4 language model, we conducted a descriptive analysis of standardized sentiment values and calculated cumulative sentiment trajectories over the text. We then created differential equation models to model the sentiment tones using regression analysis. Our findings suggest that sentiment becomes less negative from words to paragraphs, indicating that context moderates negativity. Paragraph sentiment was also more stable with lower variability. There was a narrative arc of initial decline followed by an upward turn in sentiment. Paragraphs had the highest baseline sentiment, suggesting that they are able to capture more nuanced context. Paragraphs lost short-term sentiment quickly but retained longterm sentiment longest, aligning with paragraphs maintaining overall text sentiment over time. These findings suggest that there are complex dynamics between linguistic units contributing to perceived stability of sentiment. Quantitative decay rates are useful indicators but do not fully characterize sentiment stability.

Thanks to its shape-shifting abilities, the sTetris robot can climb stairs while performing the cleaning task. The sTetris robot’s overall system operation depends on localization and positioning data, which are essential for its goal of autonomously navigating multi-floor environments. The mobile robots designed to work indoors generally rely on external systems for localization information. Regretfully, this frequently requires additional hardware fixing or changes to the indoor working environment in order to achieve accurate three-dimensional (3D) position and orientation (pose) for successful operation of the mobile platform. Nonetheless, the robot can be localized on the staircase by utilizing the information of the staircase’s geometry measurements, which are known ahead of time. This article demonstrates how the known geometry of staircases and measurements from minimal number of sensors can be used to accomplish 3D pose of the robot. Experiments carried out on a real robot in an authentic indoors setting successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach.

In recent years, the landscape of LTE network deployment has experienced a significant shift from reliance on proprietary solutions provided by established vendors to the exploration of open-source alternatives. Open-source solutions have gained traction due to their cost-effectiveness and flexibility, allowing network operators to customize their deployments according to specific requirements and preferences. This article examines the deployment of a 4G LTE network based on open-source solutions. In the context of open-source, the options of using software and hardware for network deployment were discussed. Through meticulous analysis and testing procedures, a viable and robust solution for 4G LTE deployment based on open-source projects is outlined. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of 4G deployment based on open-source projects and provide a potential option for deployment. Through this exploration, the article contributes valuable findings to the evolving field of telecommunications, paving the way for future advancements and innovations in open-source LTE network technologies.

In project management on creation of program application, specialists from different subject areas are involved, who include their contributions, for instance, UI/UX designers who create mock-ups of the future application or developers who write the code according to the prototype. The design conception may go beyond the possibilities of interpreting it from a technical point of view of implementation. The realization of such idea could not to be able to collect on only one defined program platform or language, and accordingly the problem is appeared. To eliminate semantic gap between the designers’ concepts and opportunity of program developers in technical affordance, released methodology, Model Driven Architecture (MDA), which is, on the one hand, a concept for implementation of software, on the other hand a standard. In paper, considerate the MDA and its transformation levels with determine a pragmatical semantics of mapping, reasons of chosen a class diagram as model of transformation and Java language for code generation.

The consumption of materials is growing every day, which means that we will increasingly have to cope with the problems of natural resources and supply. Therefore, humanity is forced to expand its resource base finding ways to use existing raw materials more efficiently, turn previously unusable substances into useful materials and also produce completely new materials from substances that are available in abundance. One of the ways to create new materials is to irradiate a substance with charged ions. The article discusses this technique based on the cascade-probabilistic method, the purpose of which is to obtain as well as the next ensuing use of cascade-probabilistic functions (CPF) considering energy losses for ions. The CPF computations were executed depending on the number of collisions and the depth of surveillance for various incident ions and samples. When computing cascade-probabilistic functions and spatial distributions of vacancy clusters patterns of conduct and finding the real resulting region in gold and silver alloys were obtained. Selection of step and boundaries for calculation were automated. Results of the calculations performed are illustrated in the form of graphs and tables.

The study of fluid flow in porous media, differing from traditional pipe flow is crucial for developing efficient methods in oil extraction and minerals, considering the challenges associated with ambiguous flows and diverse porous structures. This paper addresses the complexity of investigating fluid flow in porous media, a phenomenon significantly distinct from fluid movement in pipes. Emphasis is placed on the absence of clearly defined flow tubes in porous media, complicating measurements, and analysis. The study introduces a new approach incorporating both analytical and numerical methods, applied to various porous media. The research proposes a mathematical model based on laws and correlations to describe systems, including concepts such as permeability, flow velocity potential, characteristics of single-phase and multiphase systems, and fluid compressibility. Special attention is given to the characteristics of oil reservoirs, determined based on fluid properties in the reservoir, including porosity and saturation, as assessed by engineers. Numerical results represent fluid displacement in a flat channel and a onedimensional problem in a porous medium, performed using finite-difference approximation of equations with an explicit scheme. The numerical results of this model were implemented in the Matlab software.

Formulation of the problem: In the modern world, the development of efficient energy sources is becoming an increasingly important issue. One of the promising areas in the field of electrochemical energy sources is vanadium batteries. These batteries are based on electrochemical processes involving vanadium in various oxidative states. Research and modeling of electrochemical processes in vanadium batteries are important to optimize their performance and improve energy efficiency. Research and modeling of electrochemical processes in vanadium batteries play a key role in the development of efficient energy sources. Understanding the basic principles of operation of vanadium batteries, as well as the development of accurate mathematical models and their numerical simulation, allows optimizing the processes associated with storing and releasing energy. Further research and development in this area could lead to the creation of more efficient and sustainable energy sources that can meet the sustainable energy needs of modern society. Objective of the project: modeling the processes of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) by varying the electrolyte flow to optimize electrochemical processes occurring under membrane-electrode boundary conditions. Results: this study simulates in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package the electrochemical characteristics of HFSC as a function of electrolyte flow. Tests were carried out in which the flow velocity parameters were examined to evaluate their effect on the potential distribution and current density. Practical significance: the energy in an HFSC is stored in a liquid electrolyte that is pumped through the cell. The electrolyte is stored in external reservoirs rather than in porous electrodes as in conventional batteries. The results contribute to improved efficient energy storage, load balancing, and peak power smoothing of the GRPB. The construction of models allows us to predict the effect on the efficiency of mixing electrolytes, taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions inside the battery to determine how they affect the transport of vanadium ions, taking into account the electrolyte flow rate.

A new method for solving essentially subsonic flows is proposed, which represents a significant step in the field of numerical modeling of flows based on the Navier-Stokes system of equations. The method uses an ENO (Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme of third order accuracy, which provides higher accuracy when calculating flows with low speed of sound. One of the key features of this method is the introduction of nondimensionalization parameters. These parameters make it possible to adapt the Navier-Stokes equations to different physical conditions and avoid the rigidity of the equations, which is often encountered in numerical modeling problems. This makes the method more flexible and applicable to a variety of engineering and physical problems. To check and approbate this technique, calculations are carried out for two important problems - flow inside a cavern and Poiseuille flow. The value of the Reynolds number, Re=100, as well as various sizes of computational grids are considered. The obtained results are compared with experimental data, and a high degree of agreement between the model and real phenomena is observed. This indicates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in solving complex flows in various engineering and physical problems.

The mechanisms of redistribution of metal ions and the formation of defects in ferrite spinel upon irradiation are complex and depend on a number of factors. Therefore, computer simulations and experimental studies are important for understanding the behavior of the physical properties of these materials under the influence of radiation. The development of new materials that can withstand radiation damage is of great importance for a range of applications, including solid state physics, nuclear physics, space research and medical applications. In this work, the effect of gamma irradiation on Co0,75Cu0,25Fe2O4 ferrite single crystals has been investigated. An earlier study using Mössbauer spectroscopy was carried out to determine the changes in the metal ion content in the sublattices of ferrite spinels. These changes affect the magnetic crystallographic anisotropy of the material [1]. Data can be found in the scientific literature that indicate that gamma irradiation leads to changes in the magnetic susceptibility of materials and to changes in the magnetization curve [2,3]. These changes in physical properties can be explained by redistribution of metal ions in octahedral and tetrahedral sublattices, since metal ions in sublattices have splitting of atomic levels.

The tin-doped indium oxide thin films were synthesized by DC magnetron sputtering on the surface of polished silicon samples and glass slides in a mixed argon-oxygen atmosphere. The other deposition parameters: operating pressure, magnetron power and substrate rotation speed were kept constant. Thickness and density of thin films were measured by X-ray Reflectometry. The effects of oxygen flow rate and substrate temperature on the optical and electrical properties were investigated. The electrical properties (resistivity, Hall mobility and charge concentration) of the thin films were measured by the Van der Pauw method using the Hall effect. The minimum value of resistivity 0.52 × 10-3 Ohm·cm, and maximum charge mobility 28 cm2V-1s-1 was achieved at an oxygen proportional gas mixture of 2.6% (0.71 sccm). The transmission spectra of the films were measured in the wavelength range from 300 to 1100 nm. The transmittance of all films exceeds 75% in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. It was found that increasing the oxygen flow rate and heating of the substrate up to optimal value 150°C led to an increase in the crystallinity of the films and, consequently, to an increase in the Hall mobility and the transmittance.

None of the existing classifications makes it possible to clearly divide two-phase deposits into different types, from oil-gas caps to oil-oil-related gas deposits, taking into account their fundamental differences that affect the exploration features. Thus, it is preferable to name all deposits in which the presence of oil and free gas is established by prospecting works as oil and gas oil. The meaning of these terms should be considered the same. About 40 years ago there were discussions on this issue too: some said that the main fluid in the reservoir is at the end, and if the reservoir is called gas-oil, the oil predominates there, while others argued that in the name of the reservoir in which oil predominates, it should be in front - oil and gas. This article discusses why the known classifications of two-phase hydrocarbon deposits conflict. The article considers variants of use of the proposed classifications for substantiation and rational carrying out of exploration works on deposits Tasbulat and Zhetybai. According to the results of the study, the most acceptable classification at the stage of industrial exploration in terms of the choice of location and number of exploration wells, as well as the tasks assigned to them, has been proposed.

The issue of optimizing oil production has always been one of the pressing issues. The article discusses technological methods for involving in the development of non-drained reserves of the Zhetybai oilfield. The technologies of field development that have been used in recent years are presented. Of all the methods to increase oil recovery, hydraulic fracturing is the most effective. Hydraulic fracturing is considered one of the well-known and more effective methods in increasing oil production. Hydraulic fracturing can be used both in primary oil production and to improve the efficiency of existing wells. This method is widely used in the oil industry in many countries. Initially, this method was applied to lower permeable reservoirs in order to obtain narrow, deep-penetrating cracks. later, they began to be used for highly permeable collectors. In order for production to be more efficient, it is recommended to change the directions of fracturing fractures in the development of poorly drained reserves, this method was applied in the Povkhovsky oilfield. At the Povkhovskoye fields, in order to change the direction of fracturing fractures, a twostage fracturing was carried out in hard-to-recover formations, and the result was positive.

In recent decades, special attention has been paid to oil and gas exploration, and now there is a rapid acceleration in the pace of its development and the emergence of new modern methods for solving geological problems. Geophysical exploration, especially seismic exploration, being the only means of searching for oil and gas bearing structures, plays an important role in ensuring oil and gas reserves. Seismic studies have provided unique information for studying the geological structure and compiling a geodynamic model on the surface of the studied objects. On the basis of these studies, the Kashagan field and the Kalamkas-Sea field were discovered. Various regions of the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea are covered by a regular network of profiles ranging in size from 16x16 km to 4x4 km. Thus, in addition to historical knowledge, these works to date have led to the creation of a voluminous information database of seismic data. But at the same time, due to difficult sea conditions and, accordingly, the high cost of drilling, well information is quite scarce. The scarcity of borehole information leads to great restrictions on the use of seismic information. Within the framework of this work, the elastic seismic properties of an accessible well were studied and the material composition of the geological section and the type of fluids saturating rocks based on seismic data were predicted, which contribute to the study of lithology in deposits and deposits with difficult access to borehole information.

This article discusses the implementation of digitalization as a factor in improving management efficiency in the maritime industry, with a special focus on the certification process. The study includes a literature review, analysis of studies and reports by foreign scholars, as well as expert interviews and surveys of professionals. There are many studies on the implementation of digitalization in different areas of the world economy. Western European countries in general pay serious attention to the problems of digitalization, in the maritime industry the leaders in studying and solving the problems of digitalization are Denmark and Singapore. However, for the maritime industry of Kazakhstan, due to its “youth”, the study of the problems of digitalization and its impact on improving the efficiency of management decisions and reducing costs in production has the character of scientific novelty. As the maritime industry evolves, digitalization offers new opportunities to improve management practices and outcomes. One area where digitalization can have a significant impact is in the certification process. Overall, the article highlights the potential of digitalization to improve management practices and outcomes in the maritime industry. Real-life case studies from overseas companies are provided to illustrate how these technologies can be used to improve results and remain competitive in the maritime industry. The ideas and recommendations presented in this study can help shipping companies to optimize certification processes and improve operational efficiency. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of staying abreast of the latest digital developments and incorporating these tools into the decision-making process.

The purpose of this article is to highlight an important topic for the developing logistics complex of Kazakhstan. The study of risk management strategies and their implications is a fundamental tool in choosing the shortest and most efficient way to develop the economy of Kazakhstan. The author proposes his personal view on the problems of risk management in Kazakhstan and possible solutions. The article is intended to supplement the existing body of knowledge in this scientific segment, thus highlighting the importance of the studied topic. The logistics industry of Kazakhstan is on the threshold of exploring various modern methods of management and business processes. The development of strategies of anti-crisis measures will prevent stagnation in the development of the industry. In parallel, the author compares the studied material with real logistics processes and events in Kazakhstan. Conducting work on mistakes is the first step in self-development. The article seeks to identify, classify risks, outline strategies to minimize the likelihood of their occurrence and, if they do occur, minimize the consequences.The conclusions of the study include recognition of the fact of imperfection in some cases of anti-crisis policy of Kazakhstan, which led to the adoption of ill-considered decisions that lead to undesirable long-term consequences. The author also considers priority, in the author’s opinion, ways to develop the logistics industry in Kazakhstan.