his paper introduces a touchless fingerprint recognition system, offering a hygienic alternative to conventional touch-based systems. The primary objective is to develop and evaluate a comprehensive solution that addresses hygiene-related concerns and mitigates the risks associated with disease transmission, particularly in the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The proposed system utilizes a state-of-the-art touchless sensor to capture intricate fingerprint images, subsequently processing, storing, and retrieving them for matching purposes. By eliminating the need for physical contact, the system effectively tackles issues related to inconsistent pressure and prolonged collection times. The touchless fingerprint technology showcased in this system holds great promise for diverse applications that demand secure and hygienic fingerprint recognition. The proposed method overcomes the limitations inherent in touch-based systems, making it well-suited for environments where health and safety considerations are paramount. The integration of this touchless technology not only enhances security but also contributes significantly to public health by reducing the risk of cross-contamination in shared touchpoints. As the world navigates the challenges posed by the pandemic, the adoption of touchless fingerprint recognition systems represents a crucial step toward creating safer and more hygienic environments.

In production, various methods are used to control the quality of manufactured products due to physical and chemical effects. In recent years, the principle of the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been increasingly used in the management and control of technological processes in food production. This paper examines the possibility of using the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance for the purpose of automated control of milk quality by a magnetic field. By studying the isotopes of the NMR spectra of the specified product, it is possible to determine whether the product is natural or artificial, that is, its cost and quality. This work also provides a block diagram of the technological process and explains the expressions for receiving NMR signals and processing them with the creation of a magnetic field using electromagnets in an automated control system. This method allows not only to control the process, but also to determine the physical properties of milk and dairy products, contributing to changes in quality. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the optimal value of the generated magnetic field with very high accuracy.

Currently, the development of industrial automation makes it possible to implement high-precision control systems that consider the dynamic properties of complex objects. The construction of distributed control systems based on modern software products provides decentralized management of technological processes. The modernization of existing control systems with the help of modern industrial equipment makes it possible to increase the productivity of enterprises and safety at work. This study is devoted to the development of an automated control system for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning processes for the food industry. In this study, a heat exchanger was selected as the control object. A mathematical model of the control object for stability, controllability, and observability was investigated. A PID regulator was synthesized, and its coefficients of the PID regulator were obtained. A comparative analysis of the behavior of the system dynamics at different regulator coefficients was carried out. The results of the modeling and experiments were carried out using real industrial equipment at the Honeywell laboratory at JSC KBTU. Software implementation was carried out using the Experion PKS distributed control system. The configuration of the C300 controller is presented. A Safety Instrumented System (SIS) was developed for the safe and trouble-free operation of the system. SIS was also developed using the Safety Manager and Safety Controller tools. Risk reduction factors (RRF) and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) were calculated and analyzed. A process-controlled mnemonic was developed.

This paper examines the impact of gamification and external motivation on the engagement and completion rates of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), with a focus on underprivileged groups in emerging regions. The research centres around the “LEVEL UP” course, a gamified MOOC designed to enhance STEM skills among young women in Kazakhstan, developed by GameLab KBTU in collaboration with UNICEF. Utilizing a combination of quantitative data analysis and literature review, the study investigates the efficacy of gamification strategies in increasing course completion rates, which are traditionally low in MOOCs. The findings indicate that the inclusion of gamification and external motivational elements, such as competitive elements and rewards, can improve completion rates. The LEVEL UP course, for example, achieved a completion rate of 10%, which is higher than the average completion rate of MOOC courses, which 5-8%. However, the study also highlights the complexity of balancing external and internal motivational factors to sustain long-term engagement and deep learning. Limitations encountered, including technical issues and platform constraints, underline the challenges of implementing such strategies effectively. Recommendations for further research include exploring the long-term impact of gamification, the optimal balance of motivational elements, and the customization of gamification to individual learner needs. This paper contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of gamification in education, emphasizing the need for nuanced approaches that enhance both engagement and learning outcomes, particularly in the context of democratizing education for learners worldwide.

This article investigates a fractional diffusion equation involving Caputo fractional derivative and Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. The equation is supplemented by initial and boundary conditions in the domain defined by the interval by space 0<x<1 and interval by time  0<t<T. The fractional operators are defined rigorously, utilizing the Caputo fractional derivative of order β and the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order α, where 0<α<β≤1. The main results include the presentation of well-known properties associated with fractional operators and the establishment of the unique solution to the given problem. The key findings are summarized through a theorem that provides the explicit form of the solution. The solution is expressed as a series involving the two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function and orthonormal eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville operator. The uniqueness of the solution is proven, ensuring that the problem has a single, well-defined solution under specific conditions on the initial function. Furthermore, the article introduces and proves estimates related to the Mittag-Leffler function, providing bounds crucial for the convergence analysis. The convergence of the series is investigated, and conditions for the solution to belong to a specific function space are established. The uniqueness of the solution is demonstrated, emphasizing its singularity within the given problem. Finally, the continuity of the solution in the specified domain is confirmed through the uniform convergence of the series.

A linear boundary value problem for a differential equation with a parameter is investigated on a finite interval by the parameterization method. The studied boundary value problem with parameter is reduced to an equivalent multipoint boundary value problem with parameters by splitting the interval, introducing additional parameters at the points of splitting and new functions. The obtained equivalent boundary value problem contains Cauchy problems for ordinary differential equations with respect to new functions. By substituting the solution representation of the Cauchy problem into the boundary conditions and continuity conditions of the solution, a system of linear algebraic equations with respect to the introduced parameters is compiled. An algorithm for finding a solution to the boundary value problem with parameters is constructed. The formulation of the theorem on sufficient conditions of unique solvability of the boundary value problem with parameters is given. Sufficient conditions of its unique solvability are obtained in terms of the data of the original boundary value problem. An example showing the fulfillment of the conditions of the theorem is given.

In this paper, we consider a generalization of the concept of weak o-minimality to partially ordered sets. However, the concept of weak o-minimality is based on the concept of a convex set, the direct transfer of which to partial orders, as it will be shown in the work, is not, in our opinion, the most successful, since then in the class of weakly o-minimal partially ordered structures, it is possible to define any mathematical structure. Moreover, as it will be shown, this can be done using such a simple operation as the intersection of intervals. The article is devoted to the search for various generalizations of the concept of “convex set” to partial orders. Since convex sets on a line also have other properties, such as the ability to represent them as a union or intersection of intervals, convex sets are connected, all these properties can be used as the basis for the definition of a “convex set” for partially ordered structures. Thus, the representation of a convex set as a union of nested intervals (half-intervals, segments) gives us the concept of an “internally convex set,” and the intersection of intervals gives us the concept of an “externally convex set”. In the article, we will build examples that show the non-equivalence of the introduced concepts.

One of the most important unsolved and notoriously difficult problems in computational finite field theory is the development of a fast algorithm for constructing primitive roots in a finite field. It is known that for many applications, instead of a primitive root, just an element of high multiplicative order is sufficient. Such applications include, but are not limited to, cryptography, coding theory, pseudorandom number generation, and combinatorial schemes. Explicit constructions of high-order elements usually rely on combinatory methods that can provide a provable lower bound on the order, but this does not compute the exact order. Its execution usually implies knowledge of the factorization of the order. Ideally, we should be able to get a primitive element for any finite field in a reasonable amount of time. However, if the simple factorization of the group order is unknown, it is difficult to achieve the goal. Thus, we set the task of constructing an element, probably of a high order. This article discusses various algorithms that find a high-order element for general or special finite fields. This work also represents another contribution to the theory of Gauss periods over finite fields and their generalizations and analogues, which have already proven their usefulness for a number of different applications.

The algorithmic complexity of presentations for various structures receives significant attention in modern literature. The main tool for determining such complexities is reducibility. It is a mapping that preserves relations of signature (for example, equivalence relation, orders, and so on). This work is dedicated to the study of punctual representations of the least limit ordinal with respect to primitive recursive reducibility. We denote this structure as PR(ω). In particular, the paper examines the properties of structures Ω, consisting of computable copies of the least limit ordinal with respect to computable reducibility, and Peq, consisting of punctual equivalence relations with respect to primitive recursive reducibility. We say that the linear order L is reducible to the linear order R, if there exists a total function ρ such that (χ, γ) Є L if and only if (ρ(χ), ρ(γ)) Є R. Reducibility is called computable (primitive recursive) if the function that performs the reducibility is computable (primitive recursive). It is shown that the degree of ω is not the least degree in PR(ω), as it was in Ω. The structure PR(ω) does not contain maximal degrees, and this structure is not dense. Also, an example of an incomparable pair that has the least upper bound is given.

The laws of mutual transformation of statistical and dynamic effects on an inclined plane are shown, a mathematical justification is given for obtaining a gain from the action or the possibility of saving the main useful action and facilitating the actions of Gravity. All the above statements are carried out using the basic elements of the theories of dynamics, statics and trigonometric calculations. The influence of the geometric dimensions of the inclined plane on the transformation of actions is estimated. The mechanism of statistical and dynamic equilibrium of actions on an inclined plane is substantiated through mathematical expressions of the conservation law and the relationship between the components of the vector.

In this work, the phase composition and microstructure of multicomponent ZrO₂:WO₃:Al₂O₃:MgO ceramics were studied depending on the concentration of the components. The dependences between the concentration of elements in the initial charge and the phase composition, volume shrinkage, density and microstructure of synthesized samples are determined. It was found by Raman spectroscopy that the addition of an Al₂O₃:MgO mixture to the initial ZrO₂:WO₃ matrix does not lead to the formation of a ZrO₂:WO₃:Al₂O₃:MgO solid solution. With an increase in the content of Al₂O₃:MgO, there is an increase in volumetric shrinkage and density, which may be associated with the formation of the liquid phase of the WO₃:Al₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1450 °C and, as a result, more efficient migration of pores and defects to the surface. The analysis of the SEM images of the cross sections of the obtained samples showed that all samples have a developed morphology with different grain shapes.

In this work, the effect of the substrate surface on the formation of structured lead sulfide films is studied. For this purpose, the surface of single-crystalline silicon (100) was subjected to plasma treatment in a glow discharge in an argon atmosphere, at a working pressure of 1 Pa and a potential difference across the electrodes of  2 kV. Lead sulfide films were obtained on treated and untreated single-crystalline silicon surfaces by chemical deposition from an aqueous solution of lead nitrate, thiourea and sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 70°C for 30 minutes. The surface morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. As a result, the films deposited on pretreated substrates have a distinctly different surface structure compared to films deposited on untreated substrates. Under the same synthesis conditions, the growth of crystals on the treated surface occurred predominantly along certain lines and were grouped into individual particles, while on the untreated surface a continuous film was formed. Thus, through plasma treatment, crystal growth can be controlled to create nanostructures.

In this work, the phase composition, microstructure and phase stability of zirconium dioxide samples obtained by hydrothermal synthesis from various starting materials were investigated. It was found that when using ZrOCl₂·8H₂O as a starting material, zirconium dioxide particles containing monoclinic and tetragonal (cubic) phases are formed, at the same time, when using ZrO(NO₃)₂·2H₂O as a starting material, only the monoclinic phase was identified in the samples. The CSR dimensions calculated using the Scherrer equation are in the range from 9 to 40 nm. Analysis of SEM images of experimental samples showed that nanoparticles form conglomerates with sizes of several microns. A study of the phase stability of the t, c – ZrO2 phase from temperature exposure showed that t, c – ZrO2 is a metastable phase with CSR sizes up to annealing of 10 nm. With an increase in the annealing temperature, the metastable tetragonal (cubic) phase of ZrO₂ gradually transforms into a monoclinic one, due to the processes of minimizing surface energy and particle proliferation, as well as sintering conglomerates into larger monolithic particles.

The article delves into the nuanced realm of environmental sustainability in the context of the KazakhstanChina pipeline – a crucial conduit for oil and gas resources spanning borders. Rigorous methodologies, including Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and community engagement, unveil the environmental challenges intrinsic to cross-border energy projects. From habitat disruption and pollution to the potential for oil spills, the negative impacts demand strategic mitigation. The article advocates for a multifaceted approach, recommending the incorporation of advanced technologies, strategic route planning, and diversified energy sources. Emphasizing community engagement, transparency, and international cooperation, the proposed sustainable practices aim to balance the imperatives of economic growth with ecological preservation. As the world grapples with increasing energy demands, the Kazakhstan-China pipeline stands as a poignant case study, prompting a collective reevaluation of our approach to global energy trade. Through proactive measures and collaborative efforts, it is possible to navigate the delicate equilibrium between energy security and environmental stewardship, fostering a future where sustainable practices underscore the foundation of cross-border energy endeavors.

Many oilfields around the world are using enhanced oil recovery methods to maximize oil production. Longterm water flooding processes have led to water channeling in mature reservoirs, which is a severe problem in oilfields. Polymer gel is widely used as a plugging agent to reduce water production. Previously, the conventional polymer gel is extensively used for blocking the thief zones, but the performance of conventional polymer gel is not satisfactory in high salinity and high temperature conditions due to rapid syneresis and thermal degradation. The amphiphilic polymer is taking much attention for polymer gel formulation because they are more salt resistant in low concentration compared to high concentration conventional HPAM polymer. In this paper, the crosslinking mechanism of insitu polymer gel is reviewed. The related difficulties and development prospects of polymer gels are presented. It provides a basis for the application of polymer gel in oilfield conformance control treatment. This will help researchers to develop polymer gels to improve oil recovery under economic conditions to meet the requirements of oilfields.

In connection with the global trends in the development of green energy, as well as with the development of gas production in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the issues of gasification of the country, gas transportation to the consumer are becoming particularly relevant. The article provides a historical overview of gas transport, a comparative analysis of various types of gas transport, the advantages of pipeline gas transport, as well as an overview of the development of the gas industry in general and in particular, issues of gasification, gas transport on the example of the National operator of main gas pipelines JSC “Intergas Central Asia”. The issues of gasification of the country, in particular, the northern regions and Astana, were considered. The analysis and prospects for the development of the gas industry and gas companies in Kazakhstan were also carried out. According to the Roadmap for the country’s gasification, special attention is paid to the gasification of the northern and central regions of the country, where the provision of gas to settlements along the Saryarka gas pipeline route is being considered in stages. The statistics of the branches of JSC “Intergas Central Asia”, the sites that each branch serves, are given. In conclusion, recommendations are given on the effective use of the country’s gas resources and a gradual transition to “clean” energy.

This article provides the relevance and effectiveness of intercultural communication competence for managing multicultural teams within Kazakhstan-based international companies. This research seeks to assess project managers and team members’ knowledge, attitudes and skills related to intercultural communication competence. Byram’s model of intercultural communication competence will be utilized with its emphasis on cultural knowledge and attitudes. This study’s significance lies in its focus on cross-cultural management and communication in diverse work environments, using quantitative survey research methodologies conducted among project managers and team members in Kazakhstan international companies. The purpose is to investigate whether project managers and team members from multinational companies in Kazakhstan, operating in diverse cultural settings, possess the ability to identify elements of cross-cultural communicative competence while overseeing their teams and supervising the performance of their subordinates. Data analysis offers insights into intercultural communication competence knowledge, attitudes and skills within their specific context. These findings contribute to existing knowledge on intercultural communication competence and its application in managing multicultural teams, emphasizing the significance of cultural knowledge, positive attitudes toward diversity and effective communication skills for achieving successful project results. Furthermore, the results can provide practical implications for project managers and organizations looking to enhance their intercultural communication competence.

The article examines the problem of carbon emissions into the atmosphere caused by agricultural activities. She analyzes various aspects of the problem, including the impact of fertilizer use, tillage, and animal husbandry on carbon emissions. The article examines modern methods and technologies that can reduce agriculture’s carbon footprint and improve its environmental sustainability. The authors also discuss the role of renewable energy, effective waste management and sustainable practices in agriculture to reduce its contribution to climate change. This study is anticipated to make significant contributions to both recent literature and policymaking in Kazakhstan across several dimensions. Economic regression analysis was conducted using the panel data models such as Random Effects and Fixed Effects, and two econometric models were assessed. The findings of this study shed light on the intricate relationship between carbon emissions and key determinants within the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. By employing a comprehensive regression model, incorporating various variables such as oilseed imports and exports, investments in the green economy, fertilizer usage, arable land, and economic indicators, this research delves into the nuanced dynamics influencing carbon emissions

The main aim of this research was to discover and analyze the opportunities of Kazakhstan in establishing RSE. There were used the research methods like primary data collection through interviewing and secondary data collection though analysis and discussion of existing works. The crucial research results were revealed in terms that Kazakhstan has all the good chances in sustaining the RSE within its territory, however, there were recognized some governmental, financial, political and operational barriers. Nevertheless, most of the results follow the pattern that in foreseeable future, Kazakhstan might become one of the leading countries in utilizing the RSE. The contribution of the study is vital, due to the reason that this research highlights the common issues and offers the available solutions to them according to new and already existed discoveries. There is a necessity in further research, like more detailed strategies in establishing the RSE facilities and operational structures. Also, huge need in organizing the research and activities related to educational aspects that would allow to increase the intellectual resources for this sphere specifically.

This paper examines the relationship between ceremonial spending and household debt in Kazakhstan. More precisely, it investigates the impact of various household characteristics on the volume of ceremonial expenditure and explores the association between ceremonial spending and the incidence of household debt. The effect of a set of household characteristics on ceremonial spending is assessed using a log-linear regression, treating ceremonial expenditure as log per capita values, and using an ordered probit regression, treating ceremonial spending as a share from total household spending. The effect of ceremonial expenditure, as well as household characteristics, on household incidence of debt is then assessed using probit estimation. The study found that the household characteristics associated with age – the age of the head of the household and the mean age within it – influence the volume of ceremonial expenditure. Other factors affecting ceremonial spending were found to be the number of children and the number of elderly people in the household. Furthermore, household debt in Kazakhstan was found to be heavily influenced by the number of children in the household as well. This study contributes to future extensive empirical research on ceremonial spending in Kazakhstan, providing a base for empirical analysis.