ДАМУШЫ ЕЛДЕРДЕГI ЖОБАЛАРДЫ БАСҚАРУ ТӘЖIРИБЕСIНЕ ESG ҚАҒИДАТТАРЫН ЕНГIЗУГЕ ЫҚПАЛ ЕТЕТIН ЖӘНЕ КЕДЕРГI КЕЛТIРЕТIН ФАКТОРЛАР

Мақала дамушы елдердегі жобаларды басқару тәжірибесінде Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) қағидаттарын енгізудің негізгі қозғаушы күштері мен кедергілерін қарастырады. Зерттеу Scopus дерекқоры негізінде PRISMA логикасына сәйкес жүргізілген жүйелі әдеби шолуға сүйенеді, ал нәтижелер институционалдық теория тұрғысынан түсіндіріледі. Іздеу барысында 605 жазба анықталып, скрининг пен сәйкестікті бағалаудан кейін 40 рецензияланған зерттеу талдауға енгізілді. Нәтижелер ESG қағидаттарын енгізу реттеуші қысымның, ұйымдық дайындықтың, қаржылық мүмкіндіктің, мүдделі тараптарды үйлестірудің және іске асыру әлеуетінің өзара байланысы арқылы қалыптасатынын көрсетеді. Негізгі драйверлерге қолдаушы реттеу, мүдделі тараптардың қысымы мен қатысуы, оқыту, басшылықтың қолдауы, басқару тетіктері және технологиялық мүмкіндіктер жатады. Негізгі кедергілер ретінде жоғары бастапқы шығындар, қаржыландырудың шектеулі болуы, реттеудің фрагменттелуі, кәсіби құзыреттіліктің жеткіліксіздігі, хабардарлықтың төмендігі, мәдени қарсылық және мүдделі тараптардың әлсіз қатысуы анықталды. Нәтижелер ESG өлшемдері арасында назардың біркелкі бөлінбегенін көрсетеді. Басқару өлшемі ең көп кездеседі – 62,5%. Экологиялық өлшем одан кейін 55,0%. Әлеуметтік өлшем ең аз назарға ие – тек 32,5%. Мақалада ESG енгізу мен жобалық деңгейдегі нақты операциялық тәжірибелер арасындағы тұрақты алшақтық атап өтіледі. Нәтижелер ESG енгізуді институционалдық жағдайлар мен ұйымдық әлеуетке тәуелді процесс ретінде түсінуге үлес қосады, сондай-ақ жоба менеджерлері, ұйымдар және саясаткерлер үшін практикалық ұсынымдар ұсынады.

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