ФАКТОРЫ, СПОСОБСТВУЮЩИЕ И ПРЕПЯТСТВУЮЩИЕ ВНЕДРЕНИЮ ESG-ПРИНЦИПОВ В ПРАКТИКЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ В РАЗВИВАЮЩИХСЯ СТРАНАХ

В статье рассматриваются движущие силы и барьеры внедрения экологических, социальных принципов и принципов управления (ESG) в практику управления проектами в развивающихся странах. Проведен систематический обзор литературы на основе базы Scopus с использованием логики PRISMA и интерпретацией через институциональную теорию. Поиск выявил 605 записей, из которых после скрининга и оценки приемлемости были включены 40 рецензируемых исследований. Результаты показывают, что внедрение ESG формируется взаимодействием регуляторного давления, организационной готовности, финансовой осуществимости, координации заинтересованных сторон и способности к реализации. Основными драйверами являются поддерживающее регулирование, давление и вовлечение стейкхолдеров, обучение, приверженность руководства, механизмы управления и технологические возможности. Основными барьерами являются высокие первоначальные затраты, ограниченное финансирование, фрагментарное регулирование, недостаточная профессиональная компетентность, низкая осведомленность, культурное сопротивление и слабое взаимодействие с заинтересованными сторонами. Результаты обнаруживают неравномерное распределение внимания между измерениями ESG. Управленческое измерение наиболее заметно – 62,5% проанализированных источников. Экологическое измерение следует за ним с 55,0%. Социальное измерение получает наименьшее внимание – лишь 32,5%. Статья выявляет устойчивый разрыв перевода между принятием ESG и операционной практикой на уровне проектов. Результаты способствуют пониманию внедрения ESG как институционально обусловленного и зависящего от организационных возможностей процесса и содержат выводы для руководителей проектов, организаций и политиков.

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