ГРП КЕЗІНДЕ САЗ БАЛШЫҚТЫҢ ІСІНУІ МЕН РЕАГЕНТТЕРДІҢ МАҚСАТСЫЗ ШЫҒЫНЫ: ШЫҒЫС МОЛДАБЕК КЕН ОРНЫНДА ҚАБАТ СУЫН ПАЙДАЛАНУ ТӘЖІРИБЕСІ ЖӘНЕ ДИАГНОСТИКАСЫ

Қабатты гидравликалық жарудың (ГРП) тиімділігі көбінесе жару сұйықтығының тау жынысымен әрекеттесуінен кейін жарықшақ өткізгіштігінің сақталу дәрежесіне байланысты. Мақалада саз минералдарының суға сезімталдығына байланысты өткізгіштіктің төмендеу тетіктері жүйеленген: смектиттің қабатаралық ісінуі, осмостық әсерлер, дефлокуляция және ұсақ бөлшектердің көшуі. Сонымен қатар саз тұрақтандырғыштарының (KCl, төрттік аммоний қосылыстары) және гель бұзғыштарының (аммоний персульфаты, сутегі асқын тотығы, ферменттер) тау жынысы минералдарымен және қосалқы реагенттермен әрекеттесуі нәтижесінде мақсатсыз жұмсалу арналары қарастырылған. Материалдық баланс ескерілмеген жағдайда реагенттің номиналды мөлшері саздың тұрақтану дәрежесін де, полимерлік тордың ыдырау дәрежесін де асыра бағалауға әкелуі мүмкін екені көрсетілген. Бағдарланған үлгілердің рентгендік дифракциясын, сорбция изотермаларын, coreflood сынақтарын және жарықшақтың сақталған өткізгіштігін анықтауды қамтитын зертханалық сынақтардың ең аз матрицасы ұсынылған. «Шығыс Молдабек» кен орнының («Ембімұнайгаз» АҚ) мысалында әлсіз минералданған сумен қанықтыру кезінде байқалған өткізгіштіктің төмендеуі саз бен слюданың ісінуімен байланысты екені, ал қабат суының мұндай нашарлауға әкелмейтіні көрсетілген. Судың минералдануы 130 г/л-ден асқан жағдайда гуар шайырын қолдану мүмкін болмағандықтан, оның орнына полиакриламид негізіндегі гельді пайдалана отырып, қабат суымен ГРП жүргізу технологиясы негізделіп, өндірісте іске асырылған. Сегіз ұңғыма бойынша алынған нәтижелер қабат суы мен синтетикалық полимерді қолдану арқылы жүргізілген ГРП-дан кейінгі ұңғымалардың дебиті стандартты технологиямен салыстырғанда бес еседен астам жоғары болғанын көрсетті.

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