STRUCTURE OF THE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE CONDITION OF MORAINE LAKES USING SPACE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to one of the extremely dangerous natural phenomena in the mountainous regions, namely, a natural hydrological phenomenon like mudflow. Each mountain region is characterized by certain statistics of the causes of mudflows. The article describes the causes of mudflows in the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as methods for preventing mudflows or minimizing their consequences with the possibility of near-continuous monitoring and warning of mudflow danger in real time. Monitoring the level of mountain (obstruction, glacial, moraine) lakes will allow to calculate the overflow time and take preventive measures based on the accumulations of the required amount of environmental parameter measurement data. However, the existing need to monitor the behavior and condition of these objects is complicated by the lack of land and cellular communication systems and the lack of a power source in the mountainous areas of the country. The article describes the principle of operation of a system for monitoring the state of moraine lakes using space communication technologies. The main components of the monitoring system of moraine lakes are the data collection and transmission station, which is the source of the input telemetry and meteorological data, as well as the subsystem of monitoring and data display, which studies the potential danger of moraine lakes breaking through. The basic functions of each subsystem are described, as well as the structure of the output information and the failure criteria of each basic component. Technical solutions for the interrelationships of the monitoring system of moraine lakes with adjacent systems and to ensure its compatibility are given.

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