ФОТОЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ВОДОРОДА: ОТ БАЗОВЫХ ПРИНЦИПОВ ДО ПОСЛЕДНИХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ (обзорная статья)

Рост населения, экономическое и промышленное развитие способствуют росту потребления энергии человеком. Метод фотоэлектрохимического получения водорода является одной из экологически чистых и экономичных технологий, позволяющих поддерживать баланс между годовым количеством производимой энергии и развитием человечества. Поэтому исследование материалов в этом направлении и их совершенствование, повышение эффективности и стабильности является важной научно-технической задачей. Фотоактивные полупроводники поглощают солнечную энергию и преобразуют ее в электрическую энергию (или непосредственно в химическую энергию), отделяя водород и кислород от молекул воды путем проведения процесса электролиза. В статье рассмотрены принцип и механизм процесса фотоэлектролиза, основные требования к материалам и последние инновации в этом направлении. Объясняются реакция расщепления воды, а также основные параметры и понятия. В данной работе были проведены сравнение и анализ эффективности преобразования солнечного света в водород на основе современных знании. В заключение показывается, что эффективность фотоэлектрического элемента зависит от качества, сложности и конфигурации материала.

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