МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ОБРАБОТКА КОФЕЙНЫХ ОТХОДОВ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРИСТЫХ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В КРЕМНИЙ-УГЛЕРОДНЫХ АНОДАХ ЛИТИЙ-ИОННЫХ АККУМУЛЯТОРОВ

В данной работе представлен синтез композитного анодного материала для литий-ионных аккумуляторов, состоящего из графеноподобного углерода, полученного из кофейных отходов и кремния. Углеродный материал был синтезирован путем микроволновой карбонизации и физической активации с использованием CO₂. Этот метод дает пористую структуру с исключительной удельной площадью поверхности 1300 м²/г после физической активации. Такая пористая структура имеет решающее значение для эффективной адсорбции литий-ионов, высокой передачи заряда и улучшения общей производительности аккумулятора. Морфология и структура материала были проанализированы с помощью СЭМ и спектроскопии Рамана, что подтвердило образование высокопористого графеноподобного углерода. Электрохимическая характеристика продемонстрировала удельную емкость 350 мАч/г в течение 160 циклов, что указывает на превосходную долгосрочную стабильность. Кулоновская эффективность оставалась на уровне 98–100%, демонстрируя высокую обратимость электрохимических реакций. Электрохимическая импедансная спектроскопия выявила умеренное сопротивление переносу заряда 550 Ом для композитного материала, что подчеркивает эффективный перенос электронов между материалом и электролитом. Эти результаты подчеркивают потенциал карбонизации с помощью микроволн и физической активации CO₂ для производства высокопроизводительных, экономически эффективных анодных материалов, что открывает путь для их применения в литий-ионных аккумуляторах следующего поколения.

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