<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2023-20-2-13-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-702</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННЫХ ЛЮКОВ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫХ ИЗ ПОЛИЭФИРНОГО СТЕКЛОПЛАСТИКА (SMC), ЧЕРЕЗ ИСПЫТАНИЯ НА ИЗГИБ И СИМУЛЯЦИИ МЕТОДОМ КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYSIS OF OPTIMIZED MANHOLE COVERS MADE OF GLASS-REINFORCED POLYESTER (SMC) THROUGH BENDING TESTS AND FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-3401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темирхан</surname><given-names>M. C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temіrhan</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максат Темирхан, PhD</p><p>ул. Кабдолова, 10, 050062, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksat Temirhan, PhD Candidate</p><p>Kabdolova st. 10, 050062, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksat.temirkhan@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ТОО «Институт новых материалов»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">“Institute of New Materials” LLP<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Темирхан M.C., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Темирхан M.C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Temіrhan M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/702">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/702</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая научная статья посвящена исследованию и моделированию композитных крышек люков из полиэфирного стеклопластика, которые являются альтернативой традиционным металлическим крышкам. Введение этих заменителей обусловлено проблемами, связанными с коррозией и кражами стальных и чугунных крышек, а также с их недостаточной устойчивостью к химическим веществам. Крышки люков, изготовленные из полиэфирного стеклопластика, обладают рядом преимуществ по сравнению с традиционными металлическими крышками. Они обеспечивают высокое соотношение прочности и жесткости к массе, что делает их легкими и удобными в установке. Этот материал также обладает высокой стойкостью к коррозии, что значительно продлевает срок его службы. Несмотря на преимущества композитных крышек люков, исследования, связанные с их моделированием, симуляцией и механическими испытаниями, остаются недостаточными. В данной статье представлены результаты исследования, в котором крышка люка была изготовлена из двух слоев полиэфирного листового пресс-материала с использованием дополнительного ребра жесткости. Далее проводились испытания на изгиб, а полученные результаты были проанализированы с помощью симуляции метода конечных элементов (МКЭ). Целью данного исследования являлось подтверждение валидности модели, построенной для композитных крышек люков, а также сопоставление результатов с экспериментальными данными по деформациям. Полученные результаты имеют важное практическое значение для дальнейшего развития и оптимизации конструкции композитных крышек люков, а также для повышения их надежности и долговечности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This scientific article is devoted to the study and modeling of composite manhole covers made of polyester fiberglass, which are an alternative to traditional metal covers. These substitutes were introduced due to the problems associated with corrosion and theft of steel and cast iron manhole covers, as well as their insufficient resistance to chemicals. Manhole covers made from fiber reinforced plastic have a number of advantages over traditional metal covers. They provide a high strength-to-weight ratio, making them easy and comfortable to install. This material also has a high resistance to corrosion, which greatly extends its service life. Despite the advantages of composite manhole covers, studies related to their mechanical testing and simulations remain insufficient. This article presents the results of a study in which a manhole cover was made from two layers of polyester sheet press material using an additional stiffener. Then, bending tests were carried out, and the results were analyzed using finite element method (FEM) simulation. The purpose of this study was to confirm the validity of the model built for composite manhole covers, as well as to compare the results with experimental data on deformations. The results obtained are of great practical importance for the further development and optimization of the design of composite manhole covers, as well as for improving their reliability and durability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крышки люков</kwd><kwd>полиэфирный-листовой пресс-материал</kwd><kwd>армирование стекловолокном</kwd><kwd>сэндвич-композит</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>manhole covers</kwd><kwd>glass-fiber reinforced polyester sheet press material</kwd><kwd>sandwich compositeб finite element method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rafiee R. Simulation of the long-term hydrostatic tests on Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic pipes / R. Rafiee, B. Mazhari // Composite Structures. – 2016. – № 136. – С. 56–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rafiee R. and Mazhari B. (2016) Composite Structures, 136, pp. 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Environmental life cycle analysis of pipe materials for sewer systems / E. Vahidi, E. Jin, M. Das [и др.] // Sustainable Cities and Society. – 2016. – № 27. – С. 167–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vahidi E., Jin E., Das M., Singh M. and Zhao F. (2016) Sustainable Cities and Society, 27, pp. 167–174. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.06.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Experimental study on the thermostable property of aramid fiber reinforced PE-RT pipes / G. Qi, Y. Wu, D. Qi [и др.] // Natural Gas Industry B. – 2015. – Т. 5. – № 2. – С. 461–466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi G., Wu Y., Qi D., Wei B., Li H., Ding N. and Cai X. (2015) Natural Gas Industry B, 2(5), pp. 461–466. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ngib.2015.09.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Haggar, S. Reinforcement of thermoplastic rejects in the production of manhole covers / S. El Haggar, L. El Hatow // Journal of Cleaner Production. – 2009. – Т. 4. – № 17. – С. 440–446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Haggar S. and El Hatow L. (2009). Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(4), pp. 440–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.07.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weight reduction and strengthening of marine hatch covers by using composite materials / B.E. Tawfik, H. Leheta, A. Elhewy, T. Elsayed // International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering. – 2017. – Т. 2. – № 9. – С. 185–198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tawfik B. E., Leheta H., Elhewy A. and Elsayed. T. (2017) International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 9(2), pp. 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2016.09.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerbu C. Moisture effects on the mechanical behavior of fir wood flour/glass reinforced epoxy composite / C. Cerbu, C. Cosereanu // BioResources. – 2016. – Т. 4. – № 11. – С. 1. ISSN 8364-8385</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerbu C. and Cosereanu C. (2016) BioResources, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.4.8364-8385</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mezghani, K. Long term environmental effects on physical properties of vinylester composite pipes / K. Mezghani // Polymer Testing. – 2012. – Т. 1. – № 31. – С. 76–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezghani K. (2012) Polymer Testing 31(1), pp. 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.10.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of Moisture on GFRP Composite Materials / N. Sateesh, P.S. Rao, D.V. Ravishanker, K. Satyanarayana // Materials Today: Proceedings. – 2015. – Т. 4-5. – № 2. – С. 2902–2908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sateesh N., Rao P.S., Ravishanker D.V. and Satyanarayana K. (2015) Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4–5), pp. 2902–2908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bondyra A. Design of composite tank covers / A. Bondyra, M. Klasztorny, A. Muc // Composite Structures. – 2015. – № 134. – С. 72–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondyra A., Klasztorny M. and Muc A. (2015) Composite Structures, 134, pp. 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BS EN 124:1994 Gully Tops and Manhole Tops for Vehicular and Pedestrian Areas. Design Requirements, Type Testing, Marking, Quality Control : дата введения 01-01-1994. – London : BSI Standards, 1994. – 40 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gully Tops and Manhole Tops for Vehicular and Pedestrian Areas: Design Requirements, Type Testing, Marking, Quality Control. Pretoria: SABS Standards Division (London, UK, 1994).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An auto lifting device to lift manhole cover with ergonomics consideration / W.N.A.W. Draman, D.L Majid, M.I. Ishak [и др.] // AIP Conference Proceedings. – 2017. – № 020067. – С. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Draman W.N.A.W., Majid D.L., Ishak M.I., Rosli M.U., Lailina N.M. and Ismail, R.I., AIP Conference Proceedings, 020067, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5002261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калашникова М.С. Сравнительный анализ изображений на наземных люках зарубежных стран / М.С. Калашникова, В.П. Калашников // Вестник ПНИПУ. Машиностроение. – 2010. – Т. 25. – № 1. – С. 86–92. ISSN 2224-9877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalashnikova M.S. and Kalashnikov B.P. (2010) Vestnik Permskogo nacional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Mashinostroenie, materialovedenie, 12(2), pp. 86–92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humphreys J. The manufacturing technology of continuous glass fibres: K. L. Loewenstein Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company 300 pp £10.60 / J. Humphreys // Composites. – 1974. – Т. 6. – № 5. – С. 267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humphreys J. (1974) Composites, 5(6), 267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(74)90368-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of fiber prestressing on mechanical properties of glass fiber epoxy composites manufactured by vacuumassisted resin transfer molding / M. Mohamed, M.M. Selim, H. Ning, S. Pillay // Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. – 2019. – Т. 1-2. – № 39. – С. 21–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamed M., Selim M. M., Ning H. and Pillay S. (2019) Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 39 (1–2), pp. 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684419868841</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gotch T. The failure of reinforced plastics: Edited by F.L. Matthews. Published by Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd, PO Box 24, Northgate Avenue, Bury St Edmunds IP32 6BW, UK. ISBN 0 85298 709 9/297, softcover, 74 pages. 21.00 (UK), 23.10 (rest of the world) / T. Gotch // Reinforced Plastics. – 1990. – Т. 5. – № 34. – С. 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotch T. (1990) Reinforced Plastics, 34(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-3617(90)90088-v</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer, R. W Handbook of Polyester Molding Compounds and Molding Technology / R.W. Meyer. – New York : Springer, 2012. – 371 с. ISBN 978-1-4613-1961-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer R.W. (1987) Handbook of polyester molding compounds and molding technology. (Springer, US)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СТ РК 2384-2013. Люк смотровых колодцев и дождеприемник ливнесирчных колодцев из композитных материалов: дата введения 2010-10-17. – Астана : Стандарт Республики Казахстан, 2013. – 20 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyuk smotrovyh kolodcev i dozhdepriemnik livnestochnyh kolodcev iz kompozitnyh materialov. Tekhnicheskie usloviya. Standart Respubliki Kazakhstan, ST RK 2384 (2013).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatow L. Utilization of thermoplastic rejects with different reinforcing elements in the production of manhole covers : специальность Environmental Engineering : Master Thesis / Hatow. – Cairo, 2013. – 122 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatow L. (2007) Utilization of thermoplastic rejects with different reinforcing elements in the production of manhole covers, Master thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chawla, K.K. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering / K.K. Chawla. – New York : Springer, 1998. – 475 с. – ISBN 978-1-4757-2966-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chawla K.K. (2021) Composite materials: Science and engineering.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Optimization of the circular manhole cover made of ductile cast iron using the finite element method/ M. Lovrenić- Jugović, M. Glavaš, Z. Štrkalj [и др.] // Machines. Technologies. Materials. – 2018. – Т. 5. – № 12. – С. 225–233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovrenić-Jugović M., Glavaš Z., Štrkalj A., Lj S. and Radišić F. (2018) Machines. Technologies. Materials, 12(5), pp. 225–233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
