kaz29Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университетаHerald of the Kazakh-British Technical University1998-66882959-8109Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет10.55452/1998-6688-2026-23-3-498-517kaz29-3209Research ArticleФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИPHYSICAL SCIENCESЭКСЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ СТАНДАРТИЗИРОВАННОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПЛАЗМЕННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВEXERGETIC METHODOLOGY FOR STANDARDIZED PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF PLASMA PROCESSEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-1429МессерлеВ. Е.MesserleV. E.

Д.ф.-м.н., профессор

Алматы

Dr.Phys.-Math.Sc., Professor

Almaty

ust@physics.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-1371УстименкоА. Б.UstimenkoA. B.

Д.ф.-м.н., профессор

Алматы

Dr.Phys.-Math.Sc., Professor

Almaty

alexanderustimenko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5934-8381ЛаврищевО. А.LavrishchevO. A.

К.ф.-м.н., доцент

Алматы

Cand. Phys.-Math.Sc., Associate Professor

Almaty

lavr@physics.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-3366-5348НұғманМ. К.NugmanM. K.

Докторант

Алматы

Doctoral student

Almaty

nugmanmarina@gmail.comКазахский национальный университет им. аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan202627092026233498517Copyright © Мессерле В.Е., Устименко А.Б., Лаврищев О.А., Нұғман М.К., 20262026Мессерле В.Е., Устименко А.Б., Лаврищев О.А., Нұғман М.К.Messerle V.E., Ustimenko A.B., Lavrishchev O.A., Nugman M.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/3209

В статье предложена унифицированная эксергетическая методика количественной оценки эффективности плазменных процессов, ориентированная на их сопоставимость, воспроизводимость и последующую стандартизацию. Разработанная концепция основана на применении второго закона термодинамики и формировании формализованного набора ключевых показателей эффективности (KPI-stack), включающего эксергетический коэффициент полезного действия (ηₑₓ), удельные энергозатраты (Qₛₚ), эксергетическую цену воспламенения (EIC) и экологический индекс (EPI). Показано, что традиционные энергетические критерии, базирующиеся на первом законе термодинамики, не отражают качество энергии, уровень необратимых потерь и неравновесный характер плазменных процессов, что ограничивает их применимость для межтехнологического сравнения и нормирования. Предлагаемый эксергетический подход позволяет учесть распределение подведенной энергии между химической, физической и ионизационной составляющими, а также количественно оценить разрушение эксергии на различных стадиях процесса. Методика адаптирована для широкого класса плазменных технологий, включая плазменное воспламенение, газификацию, реформинг и переработку углеводородного сырья и отходов в газовой, жидкой и твердой фазах. В работе сформулирован алгоритм измерений, расчетов и оценки неопределенности результатов, согласованный с требованиями метрологического обеспечения и действующих национальных и международных стандартов в области экологического менеджмента и энергоэффективности. Анализ выполнен для традиционного сжигания при 1100K и плазменных режимов при 1500-2000K при фиксированной тепловой мощности процесса 2000кВт. Показано, что использование плазмотрона приводит к увеличению дифференциального эксергетического КПД с 0,546 до 0,636-0,675 и снижению удельных эксергетических потерь с 18,27 до 14,48МДж/кг. Одновременно наблюдается улучшение экологических характеристик процесса, выраженное в росте экологического индекса и снижении концентрации NO₂ в выбросах. Дополнительно установлено, что плазменный режим обеспечивает формирование энергетически ценного синтез-газа с суммарной эксергией до 156,7МДж, что расширяет функциональность технологии за пределы простой термической утилизации. Полученные результаты подтверждают целесообразность применения эксергетически ориентированных KPI для анализа и оптимизации плазменных технологий переработки сложных углеводородных отходов. Практическая применимость методики продемонстрирована на примере расчета KPI-stack для плазмохимической переработки нефтешламов. Показано, что введение унифицированного набора эксергетических показателей обеспечивает объективную основу для сравнения плазменных технологий, оптимизации режимов работы и последующей интеграции методики в нормативно-технические документы.

This article proposes a unified exergetic methodology for comparable, reproducible assessment and subsequent standardization of plasma processes. Based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it integrates exergy efficiency (Яех), specific energy consumption (Qsp), exergy ignition cost (EIC), and environmental performance index (EPI) into a formalized KPI-stack. Unlike First Law criteria, the approach accounts for energy quality, irreversibility, and the non-equilibrium nature of plasma, distinguishing chemical, physical, and ionization components and quantifying exergy destruction at individual process stages. The methodology covers plasma ignition, gasification, reforming, and processing of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbon feedstocks and waste. Measurement, uncertainty assessment, and quality control are aligned with cited metrological requirements; environmental comparisons may incorporate life-cycle assessment. An oil-sludge case study compares conventional combustion at 1100 K with plasma-supported combustion at 1500-2000 K at a fixed process thermal power of 2000 kW. Calculations show differential exergy efficiency increasing from 0.546 to 0.636-0.675 and specific exergy losses decreasing from 18.27 to 14.48 MJ/kg. Environmental performance improves through a higher EPI and lower NO? emissions. Beyond thermal disposal, plasma processing produces valuable synthesis gas with total exergy reaching 156.7 MJ. The unified KPI-stack supports technology comparison, operating-mode optimization, and integration into regulatory and technical documentation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.