kaz29Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университетаHerald of the Kazakh-British Technical University1998-66882959-8109Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет10.55452/1998-6688-2026-23-3-473-485kaz29-3207Research ArticleФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИPHYSICAL SCIENCESВЛИЯНИЕ СООТНОШЕНИЯ AL/GA НА ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ЛЮМИНОФОРОВ Y3 ALХGA5-ХO12:CE ДЛЯ СВЕТОДИОДНЫХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЙINFLUENCE OF THE AL/GA RATIO ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Y3ALXGA5-XO12:CE PHOSPHORS FOR LED APPLICATIONShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-6674ТулегеноваА. Т.TulegenovaA. T.

Доцент, PhD

Алматы

Associate professor, PhD

Almaty

tulegenova.aida@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-4796ЛисицынВ. М.LisitsynV. M.

Профессор, д.ф-м.н.

Томск

Professor, Dr.Sci.

Tomsk

lisitsyn@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8688-4279НогайбековаГ. Ж.NogaibekovaG. Zh.

Ст. преподаватель

Алматы

Senior lecturer

Almaty

nogaibekovagulnur@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-6345ЛисицынаЛ. А.LisitsynaL. A.

Профессор, д.ф-м.н.

Томск

Professor, Dr.Sci., 

Tomsk

lisitsyna@mail.ruКазахский национальный университет им. аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanТомский политехнический университетРоссияTomsk Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationТомский государственный архитектурно-строительный университетРоссияTomsk State University of Architecture and BuildingRussian Federation202627092026233473485Copyright © Тулегенова А.Т., Лисицын В.М., Ногайбекова Г.Ж., Лисицына Л.А., 20262026Тулегенова А.Т., Лисицын В.М., Ногайбекова Г.Ж., Лисицына Л.А.Tulegenova A.T., Lisitsyn V.M., Nogaibekova G.Z., Lisitsyna L.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/3207

Приведены результаты исследований впервые синтезированных радиационным методом керамических люминофоров Y3 Alx Ga5-xO12:Ce (YAGG:Ce). Исследовано влияние соотношения Al/Ga на оптические характеристики люминофоров на основе Ce3+–легированных гранатов Y3 Alx Ga5-xO12:Ce (YAGG:Ce), перспективных для применения в светодиодных источниках света. Проанализированы спектры возбуждения и фотолюминесценции образцов с различным содержанием алюминия и галлия при фиксированной концентрации активаторных ионов Ce3+. Показано, что изменение состава приводит к перестройке положения и формы полос возбуждения и излучения, изменению ширины полосы фотолюминесценции, а также к перераспределению интенсивности излучения при возбуждении в ультрафиолетовой и синей областях спектра. Установлено, что при уменьшении отношения Al/Ga полоса возбуждения смещается в длинноволновую область вблизи 340–370 нм, что повышает эффективность возбуждения при использовании светодиодов ближнего ультрафиолетового и фиолетового диапазонов. Полученные результаты подтверждают возможность использования радиационного метода для синтеза эффективных YAGG:Ce люминофоров.

This paper presents the results of studies on Y3AlxGa5-xO12: Ce (YAGG:Ce) ceramic phosphors synthesized for the first time using a radiation method. The influence of the Al/Ga ratio on the optical properties of Ce3+doped Y3AlxGa5-xO12: Ce (YAGG:Ce) garnet phosphors, which are promising for LED light source applications, was investigated. Excitation and photoluminescence spectra of samples with different aluminum and gallium contents at a fixed concentration of Ce3+ activator ions were analyzed. It was shown that variations in composition lead to changes in the position and shape of the excitation and emission bands, variations in the photoluminescence band width, as well as redistribution of the emission intensity under excitation in the ultraviolet and blue spectral regions. It was found that a decrease in the Al/Ga ratio causes the excitation band to shift toward the longer wavelength region near 340-370 nm, which increases the excitation efficiency when near-ultraviolet and violet LEDs are used. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using the radiation method for the synthesis of efficient YAGG:Ce phosphors.

люминофорыY3 Alx Ga5-xO12:Ceсоотношение Al/Gaспектры возбужденияфотолюминесценциясветодиодыультрафиолетphosphorsY3AlxGa5-xO12:CeAl/Ga ratioexcitation spectraphotoluminescenceLEDsultravioletReferencesUeda, J., and Tanabe, S. Review of luminescent properties of Ce³⁺–doped garnet phosphors: new insight into the effect of crystal and electronic structure. Optical Materials: X, 1, 100018 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omx.2019.100018Ueda, J., and Tanabe, S. Review of luminescent properties of Ce³⁺–doped garnet phosphors: new insight into the effect of crystal and electronic structure. Optical Materials: X, 1, 100018 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omx.2019.100018Lin, Y., Bettinelli, M., Sharma, S.K., Redlich, B., Speghini, A., and Karlsson, M. Unraveling the impact of different thermal quenching routes on the luminescence efficiency of the Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor for white light emitting diodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 8, 14015–14027 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC03821KLin, Y., Bettinelli, M., Sharma, S.K., Redlich, B., Speghini, A., and Karlsson, M. Unraveling the impact of different thermal quenching routes on the luminescence efficiency of the Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor for white light emitting diodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 8, 14015–14027 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC03821KDu, B., Li, W., Zhang, L., Chen, P., and Lu, F. Recent advances in preparing transparent phosphor ceramics for high–index color rendering and high–power lighting. Molecules, 29 (6), 1325 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061325Du, B., Li, W., Zhang, L., Chen, P., and Lu, F. Recent advances in preparing transparent phosphor ceramics for high–index color rendering and high–power lighting. Molecules, 29 (6), 1325 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061325Liu, Y., Liu, S., Sun, P., et al. Transparent ceramics enabling high luminous flux and efficacy for the next–generation high–power LED light. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11 (24), 21697–21701 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b02703Liu, Y., Liu, S., Sun, P., et al. Transparent ceramics enabling high luminous flux and efficacy for the next–generation high–power LED light. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11 (24), 21697–21701 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b02703Fang, M.–H., Bao, Z., Huang, W.–T., and Liu, R.–S. Evolutionary generation of phosphor materials and their progress in future applications for light–emitting diodes. Chemical Reviews, 122 (13), 11474–11513 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00952Fang, M.–H., Bao, Z., Huang, W.–T., and Liu, R.–S. Evolutionary generation of phosphor materials and their progress in future applications for light–emitting diodes. Chemical Reviews, 122 (13), 11474–11513 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00952Tulegenova, A.T., Nogaibekova, G.Zh., Saidazimov, I.A., Vilchinskaya, S.S., and Markhabayeva, A.A. Spectral Characteristics of Photoluminescence Synthesized in the Field of Radiation YAGG Phosphors with Different Al/Ga Ratio. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Physics series, 4 (116), 114–122 (2024). https://doi.org/10.31489/2024PH4/114-122Tulegenova, A.T., Nogaibekova, G.Zh., Saidazimov, I.A., Vilchinskaya, S.S., and Markhabayeva, A.A. Spectral Characteristics of Photoluminescence Synthesized in the Field of Radiation YAGG Phosphors with Different Al/Ga Ratio. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Physics series, 4 (116), 114–122 (2024). https://doi.org/10.31489/2024PH4/114-122Fu, S., Tan, J., Bai, X., Yang, S., You, L., and Du, Z. Effect of Al/Ga substitution on the structural and luminescence properties of Y₃(Al₁₋ₓGaₓ)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphors. Optical Materials, 75, 573–579 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.11.021Fu, S., Tan, J., Bai, X., Yang, S., You, L., and Du, Z. Effect of Al/Ga substitution on the structural and luminescence properties of Y₃(Al₁₋ₓGaₓ)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphors. Optical Materials, 75, 573–579 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.11.021Khan, N.Z., Lee, H., Jo, D.Y., et al. The developments of cyan emitting phosphors to fulfill the cyan emission gap of white-LEDs. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11, 1274410 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1274410Khan, N.Z., Lee, H., Jo, D.Y., et al. The developments of cyan emitting phosphors to fulfill the cyan emission gap of white-LEDs. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11, 1274410 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1274410Xia, Z., and Meijerink, A. Ce³⁺-doped garnet phosphors: Composition modification, luminescence properties and applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 46 (1), 275–299 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00551AXia, Z., and Meijerink, A. Ce³⁺-doped garnet phosphors: Composition modification, luminescence properties and applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 46 (1), 275–299 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00551ALisitsyn, V., Tulegenova, A., Golkovski, M., Polisadova, E., Lisitsyna, L., Mussakhanov, D., and Alipysova, G. Radiation synthesis of high-temperature wide-bandgap ceramics. Micromachines, 14 (12), 2193 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122193Lisitsyn, V., Tulegenova, A., Golkovski, M., Polisadova, E., Lisitsyna, L., Mussakhanov, D., and Alipysova, G. Radiation synthesis of high-temperature wide-bandgap ceramics. Micromachines, 14 (12), 2193 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122193Sifat, R., and Grosvenor, A.P. Examination of the site preference in garnet type (X₃A₂B₃O₁₂; X = Y, A/B = Al, Ga, Fe) materials. Solid State Sciences, 83, 116–124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.06.013Sifat, R., and Grosvenor, A.P. Examination of the site preference in garnet type (X₃A₂B₃O₁₂; X = Y, A/B = Al, Ga, Fe) materials. Solid State Sciences, 83, 116–124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.06.013Jiang, L., Zhang, X., Zhu, S., et al. Preparation and luminescence properties of Y₃₋ᵧAl₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺ᵧ phosphors. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29 (11), 9350–9358 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8930-6Jiang, L., Zhang, X., Zhu, S., et al. Preparation and luminescence properties of Y₃₋ᵧAl₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺ᵧ phosphors. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29 (11), 9350–9358 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8930-6Bartosiewicz, K., Babin, V., Kamada, K., Yoshikawa, A., Kurosawa, S., Beitlerova, A., Kucerkova, R., Nikl, M., and Zorenko, Y. Ga for Al substitution effects on the garnet phase stability and luminescence properties of Gd₃GaₓAl₅₋ₓO₁₂:Ce single crystals. Journal of Luminescence, 216, 116724 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116724Bartosiewicz, K., Babin, V., Kamada, K., Yoshikawa, A., Kurosawa, S., Beitlerova, A., Kucerkova, R., Nikl, M., and Zorenko, Y. Ga for Al substitution effects on the garnet phase stability and luminescence properties of Gd₃GaₓAl₅₋ₓO₁₂:Ce single crystals. Journal of Luminescence, 216, 116724 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116724Zhu, S., Zhang, X., Li, W., Liu, M., Cheng, L., Mi, X., and Lu, L. Phase transformation and luminescence properties of Y₂.₉₄Al₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:0.06Ce³⁺ phosphors. Ceramics International, 45 (5), 6060–6066 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.196Zhu, S., Zhang, X., Li, W., Liu, M., Cheng, L., Mi, X., and Lu, L. Phase transformation and luminescence properties of Y₂.₉₄Al₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:0.06Ce³⁺ phosphors. Ceramics International, 45 (5), 6060–6066 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.196Kim, J.S., Kim, Y.H., Kim, H.L., et al. Tailoring trap depth and emission wavelength in Y₃Al₅₋ ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺,V³⁺ persistent luminescent phosphors-in-glass films. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10 (31), 25975–25984 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10713Kim, J.S., Kim, Y.H., Kim, H.L., et al. Tailoring trap depth and emission wavelength in Y₃Al₅₋ ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺,V³⁺ persistent luminescent phosphors-in-glass films. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10 (31), 25975–25984 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10713Bolek, P., Zeler, J., Brites, C.D.S., Trojan-Piegza, J., Carlos, L.D., and Zych, E. Ga-modified YAG:Pr³⁺ dual-mode tunable luminescence thermometers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 421, 129764 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129764Bolek, P., Zeler, J., Brites, C.D.S., Trojan-Piegza, J., Carlos, L.D., and Zych, E. Ga-modified YAG:Pr³⁺ dual-mode tunable luminescence thermometers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 421, 129764 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129764Chan, J., Cao, L., Li, W., Ma, N., Xu, Z., and Huang, X. Highly efficient broad-band green-emitting cerium(III)-activated garnet phosphor allows the fabrication of blue-chip-based warm-white LED device with a superior color rendering index. Inorganic Chemistry, 61 (18), 6953–6963 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00326Chan, J., Cao, L., Li, W., Ma, N., Xu, Z., and Huang, X. Highly efficient broad-band green-emitting cerium(III)-activated garnet phosphor allows the fabrication of blue-chip-based warm-white LED device with a superior color rendering index. Inorganic Chemistry, 61 (18), 6953–6963 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00326Barta, J., Pestovich, K.S., Valdez, J.A., Wiggins, B.W., Richards, C., Smith, E., Clayton, J.H., Smalley, D., and McClellan, K.J. Compositional screening of Ce-doped (Gd,Lu,Y)₃(Al,Ga)₅O₁₂ ceramics prepared by quenching from melt and their luminescence properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 896, 161687 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161687Barta, J., Pestovich, K.S., Valdez, J.A., Wiggins, B.W., Richards, C., Smith, E., Clayton, J.H., Smalley, D., and McClellan, K.J. Compositional screening of Ce-doped (Gd,Lu,Y)₃(Al,Ga)₅O₁₂ ceramics prepared by quenching from melt and their luminescence properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 896, 161687 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161687He, C., Ji, H., Huang, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Fang, M., Wu, X., Zhang, J., and Min, X. RedShifted Emission in Y3 MgSiAl3 O12:Ce3+ Garnet Phosphor for Blue Light-Pumped White Light-Emitting Diodes. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122 (27), 15659–15665 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03940He, C., Ji, H., Huang, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Fang, M., Wu, X., Zhang, J., and Min, X. RedShifted Emission in Y3 MgSiAl3 O12:Ce3+ Garnet Phosphor for Blue Light-Pumped White Light-Emitting Diodes. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122 (27), 15659–15665 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03940Qu, M.-Y., Li, T.-Q., and Liu, Q.-L. Photoluminescence Properties of Cyan-Emitting Lu₃GaₓAl₅₋ ₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺ Garnet Phosphors Synthesized in Nonreducing Atmosphere and at Different Temperature for High Quality w-LEDs. Materials, 15 (19), 6817 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196817Qu, M.-Y., Li, T.-Q., and Liu, Q.-L. Photoluminescence Properties of Cyan-Emitting Lu₃GaₓAl₅₋ ₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺ Garnet Phosphors Synthesized in Nonreducing Atmosphere and at Different Temperature for High Quality w-LEDs. Materials, 15 (19), 6817 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196817Ha, H., Yang, S., and Park, S. Photoluminescence Spectra Correlations with Structural Distortion in Eu³⁺- and Ce³⁺-Doped Y₃Al₅₋₂ₓ(Mg,Ge)ₓO₁₂ (x = 0, 1, 2) Garnet Phosphors. Materials, 17 (10), 2445 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102445Ha, H., Yang, S., and Park, S. Photoluminescence Spectra Correlations with Structural Distortion in Eu³⁺- and Ce³⁺-Doped Y₃Al₅₋₂ₓ(Mg,Ge)ₓO₁₂ (x = 0, 1, 2) Garnet Phosphors. Materials, 17 (10), 2445 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102445Solovjovas, A., Sidletskiy, O., Gerasymov, I., Nargelas, S., Soltanaitė, G., Podlipskas, Ž., Auffray, E., and Tamulaitis, G. Influence of gallium content on luminescence properties of Ce-doped yttrium aluminum gallium garnet scintillator. Optical Materials, 163, 117480 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117480Solovjovas, A., Sidletskiy, O., Gerasymov, I., Nargelas, S., Soltanaitė, G., Podlipskas, Ž., Auffray, E., and Tamulaitis, G. Influence of gallium content on luminescence properties of Ce-doped yttrium aluminum gallium garnet scintillator. Optical Materials, 163, 117480 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117480Babin, V., Buryi, M., Chlan, V., Fomichov, Y., Kamada, K., Laguta, V.V., Nikl, M., Pejchal, J., Štěpánková, H., Yoshikawa, A., Zagorodniy, Yu., and Zazubovich, S. Influence of gallium content on Ga³⁺position and photo- and thermally stimulated luminescence in Ce³⁺-doped multicomponent (Y,Lu)₃GaₓAl₅₋ₓO₁₂ garnets. Journal of Luminescence, 200, 141–150 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.04.013Babin, V., Buryi, M., Chlan, V., Fomichov, Y., Kamada, K., Laguta, V.V., Nikl, M., Pejchal, J., Štěpánková, H., Yoshikawa, A., Zagorodniy, Yu., and Zazubovich, S. Influence of gallium content on Ga³⁺position and photo- and thermally stimulated luminescence in Ce³⁺-doped multicomponent (Y,Lu)₃GaₓAl₅₋ₓO₁₂ garnets. Journal of Luminescence, 200, 141–150 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.04.013Zorenko, Yu., Zorenko, T., Malinowski, P., Sidletskiy, O., and Neicheva, S. Luminescent properties of Y₃Al₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce crystals. Journal of Luminescence, 156, 102–107 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.07.011Zorenko, Yu., Zorenko, T., Malinowski, P., Sidletskiy, O., and Neicheva, S. Luminescent properties of Y₃Al₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce crystals. Journal of Luminescence, 156, 102–107 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.07.011Ma, N., Zhang, Z., Li, W., and Huang, X. Efficient blue-light-excited cyan-emitting CaLu₂HfScAl₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphors for full-visible-spectrum warm-white LEDs. Journal of Luminescence, 263, 120060 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2023.120060Ma, N., Zhang, Z., Li, W., and Huang, X. Efficient blue-light-excited cyan-emitting CaLu₂HfScAl₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphors for full-visible-spectrum warm-white LEDs. Journal of Luminescence, 263, 120060 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2023.120060Dorenbos, P. 5d-level energies of Ce³⁺ and the crystalline environment. IV. Aluminates and “simple” oxides. Journal of Luminescence, 99, 283–299 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2313(02)00347-2Dorenbos, P. 5d-level energies of Ce³⁺ and the crystalline environment. IV. Aluminates and “simple” oxides. Journal of Luminescence, 99, 283–299 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2313(02)00347-2Zou, J., Yang, B., Qian, X., et al. Effect of Al/Ga substitution on photoluminescence and chromatic properties of Y₃Al₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 27, 8074– 8079 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4806-9Zou, J., Yang, B., Qian, X., et al. Effect of Al/Ga substitution on photoluminescence and chromatic properties of Y₃Al₅₋ₓGaₓO₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 27, 8074– 8079 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4806-9He, X., Wang, X., Yu, H., Lei, B., Fu, Z., and Zhang, S. Effects of local structure of Ce3+ ions on luminescent properties of YAG:Ce phosphors. Scientific Reports, 6, 22238 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22238He, X., Wang, X., Yu, H., Lei, B., Fu, Z., and Zhang, S. Effects of local structure of Ce3+ ions on luminescent properties of YAG:Ce phosphors. Scientific Reports, 6, 22238 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22238Khanin, V., Venevtsev, I., Chernenko, K., Pankratov, V., Klementiev, K., van Swieten, T., van Bunningen, A.J., Vrubel, I., Shendrik, R., Ronda, C., Rodnyi, P., and Meijerink, A. Exciton interaction with Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions in (LuGd)3 (Ga,Al)5 O12 ceramics. Journal of Luminescence, 237, 118150 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2021.118150Khanin, V., Venevtsev, I., Chernenko, K., Pankratov, V., Klementiev, K., van Swieten, T., van Bunningen, A.J., Vrubel, I., Shendrik, R., Ronda, C., Rodnyi, P., and Meijerink, A. Exciton interaction with Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions in (LuGd)3 (Ga,Al)5 O12 ceramics. Journal of Luminescence, 237, 118150 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2021.118150Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, L., and Zheng, H. Ce3+ Yellow Phosphors Prepared by Different Methods. Materials, 8 (7), 4436–4447 (2015).Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, L., and Zheng, H. Ce3+ Yellow Phosphors Prepared by Different Methods. Materials, 8 (7), 4436–4447 (2015).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.