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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2026-23-3-362-377</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-3198</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ СЕГМЕНТАЦИЯ ПАТТЕРНОВ АНОМАЛИЙ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПОЛЕЙ НА АЭРОФОТОСНИМКАХ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ U-NET</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL FIELD ANOMALY PATTERNS IN AERIAL IMAGES USING U-NET</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-6765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серек</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serek</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Azamat.Serek@astanait.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-6343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдолдина</surname><given-names>Ф. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdoldina</surname><given-names>F. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.т.н.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.Tech.Sc.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Abdoldinafarida@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6075-4870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витулёва</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitulyova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, с.н.с.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lizavita@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6453-0200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапай</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapay</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистрант</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master student</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shiposha04@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0216-9988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оксененко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oksenenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакалавр</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex-ok@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-9071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучин</surname><given-names>Я. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchin</surname><given-names>Y. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистр, с.н.с.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.Sc., Senior Researcher</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ykuchin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа программной инженерии, Астана IT Университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Software Engineering, Astana IT University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт автоматизации и информационных технологий, Университет им. Сатбаева (КазНРТУ)</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University (KazNRTU)</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>362</fpage><lpage>377</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серек А.Г., Абдолдина Ф.Н., Витулёва Е.С., Шапай Н.А., Оксененко А.А., Кучин Я.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серек А.Г., Абдолдина Ф.Н., Витулёва Е.С., Шапай Н.А., Оксененко А.А., Кучин Я.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Serek A.G., Abdoldina F.N., Vitulyova E.S., Shapay N.A., Oksenenko A.A., Kuchin Y.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/3198">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/3198</self-uri><abstract><p>Точное земледелие требует эффективного мониторинга обширных сельскохозяйственных полей с целью как можно более раннего выявления и пространственной локализации аномалий посевов, что позволяет осуществлять целенаправленное и своевременное управление полями. Традиционный осмотр полей является трудоемким и утомительным процессом и позволяет измерять лишь небольшое количество точек. Технологии глубокого обучения в сочетании с беспилотными летательными аппаратами (БПЛА) создают возможности для автоматизации получения сельскохозяйственных изображений высокого разрешения. В данной работе рассматривается ориентированный на конкретную задачу подход на основе U-Net для многометочной сегментации аномальных паттернов в сельском хозяйстве. При этом работа не предлагает новую архитектуру нейронной сети, а акцентирует внимание на влиянии практических решений при проектировании модели. Оцениваемая конфигурация использует четырехканальные входные данные RGB-NIR (NRGB), многометочную классификацию на основе сигмоидной функции активации и комбинированную функцию потерь Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) и Dice loss. Эксперименты проводятся на эталонном наборе данных Agriculture-Vision 2021, содержащем более 21 000 размеченных аэрофотоснимков с восемью классами сельскохозяйственных аномалий. Для оценки вклада NIR-канала и компонента Dice loss проводится контролируемое абляционное исследование. Дополнительные эксперименты сравнивают полученную конфигурацию с результатами, полученными при использовании стандартных архитектур U-Net, FCN, SegNet и современной базовой модели сегментации при идентичном протоколе экспериментов. Эффективность оценивается с использованием показателей Intersection over Union (IoU) для каждого класса и mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) для общей средней производительности. Результаты демонстрируют эффективность использования NIR-информации и функции потерь на основе Dice для сегментации аномалий в сельском хозяйстве, а также высокую эффективность относительно простой конфигурации на основе U-Net на эталонном наборе данных. Полученные результаты подтверждают потенциал использования специализированной структуры U-Net для автоматизированного мониторинга сельскохозяйственных угодий с помощью БПЛА и демонстрируют индивидуальный вклад входных данных и функции потерь в решение поставленной задачи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Precision agriculture requires efficient monitoring of large agricultural fields with the aim that crop anomalies can be identified and spatially located as early as possible to enable targeted and timely field management. The traditional in-field inspection is time-consuming, tedious and measures only a small number of points. Deep learning technologies are coupled with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to create the opportunity to automate highresolution agricultural imagery. This work examines a task specific U-Net approach to multi label segmentation of agricultural anomaly patterns, but not a novel network architecture, and rather emphasizes the impact of practical design decisions. The evaluated configuration has four-channel RGB-NIR (NRGB) input, uses sigmoid-based multilabel prediction, and uses a combined Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) and Dice loss. The experiments are carried out on the Agriculture-Vision 2021 benchmark dataset with over 21,000 labeled aerial images of eight agriculture anomaly classes. To isolate the contributions of NIR channel and Dice loss component, a controlled ablation study is performed, and additional experiments compare the resulting configuration to an identical experiment protocol against the standard U-Net, FCN, SegNet and a modern segmentation baseline. The performance is measured by Intersection over Union (IoU) and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) on each class and the overall mean, respectively. Results show the effectiveness of NIR information and Dice-based loss for anomaly segmentation in agriculture and the performance of a relatively simple U-Net-based configuration on the benchmark dataset. The results validate the potential of using task-specific U-Net structure for automated UAV monitoring in agriculture and demonstrate individual input and loss-function contribution to the task.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семантическая сегментация</kwd><kwd>U-Net</kwd><kwd>аэрофотоснимки</kwd><kwd>обнаружение аномалий сельскохозяйственных полей</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>NRGB</kwd><kwd>мониторинг БПЛА</kwd><kwd>точное земледелие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semantic segmentation</kwd><kwd>U-Net</kwd><kwd>aerial imagery</kwd><kwd>agricultural anomaly detection</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>NRGB</kwd><kwd>UAV monitoring</kwd><kwd>precision agriculture</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research has been funded by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant No. BR28713375 'Multipurpose Robotic UAV Platform for Remote Monitoring (AeroScope)')</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omia, E., Bae, H., Park, E., Kim, M.S., Baek, I., Kabenge I., and Cho, B.-K. 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