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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2026-23-3-243-254</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-3189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В РАЗРАБОТКЕ АДАПТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ НАВЫКОВ КРИТИЧЕСКОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ У СТУДЕНТОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO DEVELOP AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM TO DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN STUDENTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3032-5049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Утебаев</surname><given-names>К. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Utebayev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистрант</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master’s student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">utebayevkuat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-561X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молдагулова</surname><given-names>A. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moldagulova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.ф.-м.н., профессор</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.moldagulova@satbayev.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6355-9544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касенхан</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kassenkhan</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, профессор</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor</p><p>Almaty</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.kassenkhan@satbayev.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Алматинский филиал Национального исследовательского ядерного университета «МИФИ»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almaty Branch of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. К.И. Сатпаева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Satbayev University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Утебаев К.A., Молдагулова A.Н., Касенхан А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Утебаев К.A., Молдагулова A.Н., Касенхан А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Utebayev K.A., Moldagulova A.N., Kassenkhan A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/3189">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/3189</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты разработки и пилотной апробации адаптивной обучающей системы, предназначенной для формирования и оценивания критического мышления обучающихся с использованием элементов искусственного интеллекта. Научная новизна относительно существующих исследований по автоматизированной оценке эссе и оценке на основе больших языковых моделей (LLM) заключается в многокомпонентной оценке критического мышления, каскадном механизме ИИ-оценивания и механизме апелляции, что позволяет более точно определять слабые места студента в развитии критического мышления, обеспечивать прозрачную оценку критического мышления студента, устойчивость к сбоям системы и возможность оспаривания оценки студентом в спорных ситуациях. Система оценивает эссе и решение задачи по 6 компонентам критического мышления, а именно: анализу, интерпретации, оценке, аргументации, логической связности и рефлексии. Для каждого из компонентов были предложены формулы вычисления, которые вычисляются с помощью языковых моделей, семантических эмбеддингов преобразователей предложений и резервного TF-IDF-механизма. Апробация проведена на выборке из 20 студентов, являвшихся студентами КазНИТУ им. К.И. Сатпаева (Satbayev University). В экспертном оценивании участвовали три преподавателя в лице авторов. А экспериментальные данные включали 40 студенческих работ: 20 эссе и 20 решений задач. Каждая работа была оценена независимо тремя преподавателями, а также обучающей системой. Эталонная оценка была выбрана как усредненная оценка трех преподавателей. Корреляция автоматизированной оценки с усредненной экспертной оценкой составила r = 0,84, а среднее отклонение – 1,0 балла по десятибалльной шкале. Показанные результаты позволяют использовать систему как инструмент поддержки преподавателя, но также требуют дальнейшего исследования на большой выборке. Элементы геймификации, визуализация прогресса и механизм апелляции повышают вовлеченность обучающихся и обеспечивают баланс между автоматизированным и экспертным оцениванием.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of the development and pilot testing of an adaptive learning system designed to develop and assess students’ critical thinking using elements of artificial intelligence. The scientific novelty of the study, in comparison with existing research on automated essay scoring and LLM-based assessment, lies in the multi-component assessment of critical thinking, the cascade mechanism of AI-based assessment, and the appeal mechanism. These features make it possible to more accurately identify students’ weak points in the development of critical thinking, ensure transparent assessment of students’ critical thinking, increase the system’s resilience to failures, and provide students with the opportunity to challenge the assessment in controversial situations. The system evaluates essays and problem-solving tasks according to six components of critical thinking: analysis, interpretation, evaluation, argumentation, logical coherence, and reflection. For each component, calculation formulas were proposed; these are computed using language models, semantic embeddings based on sentence-transformers, and a backup TF-IDF mechanism. The pilot testing was conducted on a sample of 20 students from Satbayev University. Three instructors, represented by the authors, participated in the expert assessment. The experimental data included 40 student works: 20 essays and 20 problem-solving tasks. Each work was independently assessed by three instructors as well as by the learning system. The reference score was determined as the average score of the three instructors. The correlation between the automated assessment and the averaged expert assessment was r = 0.84, while the mean deviation was 1.0 point on a ten-point scale. The results obtained indicate that the system can be used as a tool to support instructors; however, further research on a larger sample is required. Gamification elements, progress visualization, and the appeal mechanism increase students’ engagement and ensure a balance between automated and expert assessment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адаптивная обучающая система</kwd><kwd>критическое мышление</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>языковые модели</kwd><kwd>автоматизированное оценивание</kwd><kwd>многофакторная модель</kwd><kwd>геймификация</kwd><kwd>механизм апелляции</kwd><kwd>образовательная платформа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adaptive learning system</kwd><kwd>critical thinking</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>language models</kwd><kwd>automated assessment</kwd><kwd>multifactor model</kwd><kwd>gamification</kwd><kwd>appeal mechanism</kwd><kwd>educational platform</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">В статье представлены результаты исследований, выполненных в рамках программноцелевого финансирования на 2024–2026 гг. по проекту ИРН BR24993072 «Разработка интеллектуального образовательного ресурса на основе искусственного интеллекта для развития критического мышления студентов», финансируемого Комитетом науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batdı, V., Elaldı, Ş., Özçelik, C. et al. 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