kaz29Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университетаHerald of the Kazakh-British Technical University1998-66882959-8109Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет10.55452/1998-6688-2026-23-2-392-400kaz29-2921Research ArticleФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИPHYSICAL SCIENCESОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТОВ ZNSO4-LI2SO4 ДЛЯ СТАБИЛЬНЫХ ВОДНЫХ ЦИНК-ИОННЫХ БАТАРЕЙOPTIMIZING ZNSO4-LI2SO4 ELECTROLYTES FOR STABLE AQUEOUS ZINC-ION BATTERIEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-837XРахымбайЛ.RakhymbayL.

PhD, научный сотрудник.

Астана

PhD, Researcher.

Astana

lunara.rakhymbay@nu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6828-0649МырзахметовБ.MyrzakhmetovB.

PhD, старший научный сотрудник.

Астана

PhD, Senior Researcher.

Astana

bauyrzhan.myrzakhmetov@nu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-1449ДаулетбайА.DauletbayA.

PhD, старший научный сотрудник.

Астана

PhD, Senior Researcher.

Astana

akbar.dauletbay@nu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-8602КонаровА.KonarovA.

PhD, ассоциированный профессор.

Астана

PhD, Associate Professor.

Astana

aishuak.konarov@nu.edu.kzДепартамент химической и материаловедческой инженерии, Школа инженерии и цифровых наук, Назарбаев УниверситетКазахстанDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev UniversityKazakhstanNational Laboratory Astana, Назарбаев Университет; Институт новых материалов и энергетических технологий, Назарбаев УниверситетРоссияNational Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University; Institute of New Materials and Energy Technologies, Nazarbayev UniversityRussian FederationДепартамент химической и материаловедческой инженерии, Школа инженерии и цифровых наук, Назарбаев Университет; National Laboratory Astana, Назарбаев Университет; Институт новых материалов и энергетических технологий, Назарбаев УниверситетКазахстанDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University; Institute of New Materials and Energy Technologies, Nazarbayev UniversityKazakhstan202627062026232392400Copyright © Рахымбай Л., Мырзахметов Б., Даулетбай А., Конаров А., 20262026Рахымбай Л., Мырзахметов Б., Даулетбай А., Конаров А.Rakhymbay L., Myrzakhmetov B., Dauletbay A., Konarov A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2921

Водные цинковые аккумуляторы (AZIBs) рассматриваются как одни из наиболее перспективных кандидатов для безопасного, недорогого и экологически чистого накопления энергии. Тем не менее их практическое применение ограничено нестабильностью цинкового анода, вызванной неконтролируемым ростом дендритов, выделением водорода и низкой обратимостью процессов осаждения/растворения цинка. Эти факторы приводят к быстрой деградации емкости и сокращению срока службы батареи. В связи с этим оптимизация электролита является эффективным и доступным подходом к стабилизации анода. Целью работы является систематическая оценка поведения цинкового анода в электролитах различного состава 2M ZnSO4, 1.5M ZnSO4 + 0.5M Li2SO4, 0.5M ZnSO4 + 1.5M Li2SO4, 1M ZnSO4 + 1M Li2SO4, и 2M Li2SO4. Электрохимические характеристики исследованы методами циклической вольтамперометрии (CV), гальваностатического циклирования и после испытаний морфология поверхности анализировалась с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ). Данные показали, что добавление Li2SO4 в раствор ZnSO4 существенно изменяет сольватационную оболочку Zn2+, улучшая обратимость процессов осаждения/растворения и подавляя рост дендритов. Смешанные электролиты продемонстрировали более четкие вольт-амперные профили и меньшую поляризацию по сравнению с одноионными системами. Наиболее сбалансированные характеристики достигнуты в электролите 1M ZnSO4 + 1M Li2SO4 : обеспечены стабильное циклирование, низкое межфазное сопротивление и однородная бездендритная морфология. Таким образом, инженерия электролита является практическим и масштабируемым решением для стабилизации цинковых анодов и открывает путь к созданию высокоэффективных водных аккумуляторов для крупномасштабных систем хранения энергии.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as one of the most attractive candidates for safe, low-cost, and environmentally benign energy storage systems. However, the widespread implementation of these systems is still limited due to major problems with the zinc metal anode, including uncontrolled dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, and the low reversibility of zinc plating and stripping. These issues lead to rapid capacity fading and shortened cycle life, highlighting the urgent need for electrolyte optimization as a simple and effective strategy to overcome anode instability. The purpose of this work was systematically investigated the electrochemical behavior of zinc anodes in a series of electrolytes with different ZnSO4-Li2SO4 compositions, namely 2M ZnSO4, 1.5M ZnSO4 + 0.5M Li2SO4, 0.5M ZnSO4 + 1.5M Li2SO4, 1M ZnSO4 + 1M Li2SO4, and 2M Li2SO4. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, and then post-cycle morphological characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that adding Li2SO4 to the ZnSO4 electrolyte significantly changes the structure of the Zn2+ solution, thereby increasing the reversibility of zinc plating/stripping and suppressing dendrite formation. In particular, mixed electrolytes exhibit sharper voltage profiles and reduced polarization compared to single-salt systems. Among the tested formulations, the equimolar mixture of 1M ZnSO4 + 1M Li2SO4 achieved the most balanced performance, delivering stable cycling and a uniform zinc dendrite morphology. This study highlights electrolyte engineering as a practical and scalable approach to stabilize zinc anodes, providing new insights into the design of high-performance aqueous zinc batteries for future large-scale energy storage applications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.