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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2026-23-1-107-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-2504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНСАМБЛЕВЫЕ МЕТОДЫ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СТОИМОСТИ ИТ-ПРОЕКТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕХВАТКИ ДАННЫХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ENSEMBLE MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR IT PROJECT COST ESTIMATION UNDER DATA SCARCITY CONDITIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-214X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айтим</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitim</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.aitim@iitu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сембина</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sembina</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н.</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Tech. Sc.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.sembina@iitu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Международный университет информационных технологий<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">International Information Technology University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айтим А.К., Сембина Г.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айтим А.К., Сембина Г.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aitim A.K., Sembina G.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2504">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2504</self-uri><abstract><p>Точное прогнозирование стоимости ИТ-проектов имеет ключевое значение для успешного планирования, бюджетирования и распределения ресурсов. Однако традиционные методы оценки, такие как COCOMO, анализ функциональных точек или экспертные оценки, часто не дают надежных результатов, особенно в развивающихся странах, таких как Казахстан, где предыдущие данные о проектах скудны или неполны. В настоящем исследовании рассматривается использование ансамблевых алгоритмов машинного обучения, в частности Random Forest и Gradient Boosting, для прогнозирования стоимости ИТ-проектов в условиях недостатка исходных данных. Для решения проблемы нехватки данных применяются методы генерации синтетических данных, позволяющие формировать расширенные наборы данных, моделирующие различные сценарии проектов при сохранении статистических характеристик, наблюдаемых в реальных случаях. Представленные модели используют ключевые проектные параметры, такие как размер команды, сложность проекта, методология разработки и размер проекта, в качестве входных данных для прогнозирования стоимости. Экспериментальные результаты показывают, что ансамблевые подходы превосходят стандартные методы оценки по точности прогнозирования. Модель Random Forest продемонстрировала наименьшую среднюю абсолютную ошибку (MAE = 0,09) и наибольший коэффициент детерминации (R² = 0,603). Кроме того, анализ важности признаков показал, что размер проекта и время разработки являются наиболее значимыми факторами в оценке стоимости. Полученные результаты подтверждают эффективность ансамблевого обучения для работы со сложными, нелинейными зависимостями между параметрами проектов и предлагают практический инструмент для совершенствования методов оценки стоимости в условиях отсутствия качественных исторических данных. Данное исследование вносит вклад в развитие интеллектуальных систем поддержки принятия решений и предоставляет практические рекомендации для менеджеров ИТ-проектов и лиц, принимающих решения в развивающихся экономиках, заинтересованных в улучшении бюджетирования и планирования ИТ-проектов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Accurate prediction of IT project costs is crucial for successful project planning, budgeting, and resource allocation. However, typical cost estimation methods, such as Function Point Analysis, or expert-based evaluations, frequently fail to produce trustworthy conclusions, especially in developing countries like Kazakhstan where previous project data is few or incomplete. This study looks into how ensemble machine learning algorithms, notably Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, can be used to predict IT project costs when there is insufficient data available. To solve data shortage, this study applies synthetic data creation techniques, which result in extended datasets that model various project scenarios while retaining statistical features observed in real-world cases. The presented models use essential project variables, such as team size, project complexity, development process, and project size, as inputs for cost prediction. Experimental results show that ensemble approaches outperform standard estimating techniques in terms of predictive accuracy. Random Forest achieved the lowest mean absolute error (MAE = 0.09) and highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.603). Furthermore, feature importance analysis shows that project size and development time are the most important elements in cost estimation. The findings demonstrate ensemble learning’s usefulness in dealing with complicated, nonlinear connections among project variables, as well as providing a feasible approach for improving cost estimation techniques in the absence of high-quality historical data. This work adds to the development of intelligent decision support systems and offers practical insights for IT project managers and policymakers in emerging economies who want to improve IT project budgeting and planning.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ансамблевое обучение</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd><kwd>gradient boosting</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>нехватка данных</kwd><kwd>системы поддержки принятия решений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ensemble learning</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd><kwd>gradient boosting</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>data scarcity</kwd><kwd>decision support systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bach, M.P., Topalovic, A., Krstic, Z., Ivec, A. Predictive maintenance in industry 4.0 for the SMEs: A decision support system case study using open-source software. 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