kaz29Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университетаHerald of the Kazakh-British Technical University1998-66882959-8109Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университетkaz29-248Research ArticleХИМИКО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И ЭКОЛОГИЯCHEMICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESКАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПАРОВОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ ЭТАНОЛА: ОБЗОРCATALYSTS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING THE ETHANOL STEAM CONVERSION: A REVIEWНаурзкуловаС. М.NaurzkulovaS.

докторант

МасалимоваБ. К.MassalimovaB.

к.х.н., доцент

АраповаМ. В.ArapovaV.

к.н.

Новосибирск

Таразский региональный университет им. М.Х. ДулатиКазахстанИнститут катализа им. БоресковаРоссия2020131120211747189Copyright © Наурзкулова С.М., Масалимова Б.К., Арапова М.В., 20212021Наурзкулова С.М., Масалимова Б.К., Арапова М.В.Naurzkulova S., Massalimova B., Arapova V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/248

Водород рассматривают в качестве топлива будущего, поскольку он является экологически чистым энергоносителем и играет важную роль в быстро развивающейся технологии различных топливных элементов. На сегодняшний день, 96% водорода получают из ископаемых источников, однако водород может быть получен в таком перспективном процессе зеленой химии, как паровая конверсия биовозобновляемого сырья, в первую очередь – этанола (ПКЭ). Широкое применение этой технологии сдерживают недостатки существующих катализаторов: несмотря на интенсивные исследования, на сегодняшний день не существует активных, селективных и стабильных рентабельных катализаторов трансформации биотоплив в синтез-газ и водород. Процесс ПКЭ детально изучен для катализаторов на основе переходных (Ni, Co, Cu) и благородных металлов (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru). Катализаторы на основе благородных металлов показали высокую активность и селективность в процессе ПКЭ, однако их рентабельность остается под вопросом. Относительно недорогие и высокоактивные катализаторы на основе никеля и кобальта широко используются в процессе ПКЭ. Однако образование кокса и спекание активного компонента приводят к быстрой дезактивации катализаторов. За последние два десятилетия проведено множество исследований с целью повышения активности, селективности и стабильности катализаторов ПКЭ, а также определения механизма реакции. Этот обзор суммирует известные результаты исследований по разработке эффективного катализатора процесса ПКЭ на основе переходных металлов.

Hydrogen is considered as a fuel of the future because it is a clean energy carrier and has important application in the fast expanding fuel cell industry. Today, 96% of hydrogen is obtained from fossil sources, however, it can be produced in such a promising process of green chemistry as steam reforming of bio- renewable raw materials, primarily ethanol (ESR). The widespread use of this technology is constrained by the disadvantages of existing catalysts: despite intensive research, today there are no active, selective and stable cost-effective catalysts for biofuels reforming into synthesis gas and hydrogen. The ESR process has been studied in detail for catalysts based on transition (Ni, Co, Cu) and noble metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru). Noble metal catalysts have shown high activity and selectivity in the ESR process, but their profitability is doubtful. Relatively inexpensive and highly active catalysts based on nickel and cobalt are widely used in the SCE process, however, coke formation and sintering of the active component lead to their rapid deactivation. Over the past two decades, many studies have been conducted to increase the activity, selectivity and stability of ESR Ni- and Co-containing catalysts, as well as determine the reaction mechanism. This review summarizes the results of studies on the development of an effective catalyst for a transition metal-based ESR process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.