kaz29Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университетаHerald of the Kazakh-British Technical University1998-66882959-8109Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет10.55452/1998-6688-2025-22-3-340-346kaz29-2135Research ArticleНЕФТЕГАЗОВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И ГЕОЛОГИЯOIL AND GAS ENGINEERING, GEOLOGYНЕФТЯНЫЕ БИОМАРКЕРЫ КАК ИНДИКАТОРЫ ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ И СТЕПЕНИ ЗРЕЛОСТИ НЕФТИ В ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ ПРИКАСПИЙСКОЙ ВПАДИНЫPETROLEUM BIOMARKERS AS INDICATORS OF OIL ORIGIN AND MATURITY IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PRECASPIAN BASINhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-9872ДжарасоваТ. С.JarassovaT. S.

PhD

г. Атырау

PhD 

Atyrau

t.jarassova@kmge.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3140-6682АлтунсойМ.AltunsoyM.

д.т.н.

г. Анталья

Dr.Tech.Sc.

Antalya

altunsoy@akdeniz.edu.trАФ ТОО «КМГ Инжиниринг»КазахстанAtyrau Branch LLP “KMG Engineering”KazakhstanУниверситет АкденизТурцияAkdeniz UniversityTurkey202527092025223340346Copyright © Джарасова Т.С., Алтунсой М., 20252025Джарасова Т.С., Алтунсой М.Jarassova T.S., Altunsoy M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2135

В данном исследовании изучается происхождение нефти юго-восточной части Прикаспийской впадины с помощью анализа биомаркеров пяти проб сырой нефти методом газовой хроматографии-массспектрометрии (ГХ-МС). Биомаркеры выступают в роли молекулярных отпечатков, позволяющих определить происхождение углеводородов, характеристики материнских пород и термическую историю. Анализ проб выявил: морские условия осадконакопления (соотношение C₂₆/C₂₅ терпанов = 0.59–0.79), преобладание карбонатных материнских пород (соотношение C₂₉/C₃₀ гопанов = 4.78-5.55), смешанное происхождение из отложений палеозоя (Карбон-Пермь) (соотношение C₂₈/C₂₉ стеранов = 0.44-0.57) и по соотношенииям Ts/Tm, C29Ts/ C29Tm и изомеризации C₂₉ стеранов пиковую и позднюю зону нефтеобразования. Полученные данные демонстрируют сложную историю генерации углеводородов в бассейне, при этом распределение биомаркеров указывает на поступление морского органического вещества в аноксидных условиях, карбонатно-эвапоритовые фации материнских пород и термическое равновесие, соответствующее основной фазе нефтеобразования. Результаты представляют ценные данные для разработки стратегий разведки в аналогичных бассейнах, позволяя снижать риски и оптимизировать освоение ресурсов. Дальнейшие исследования должны объединить эти геохимические данные со структурным и стратиграфическим анализами для уточнения моделей миграции.

This study investigates the origin of oil from the south-eastern Precaspian Basin through biomarker analysis of five crude oil samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biomarkers serve as molecular fingerprints to elucidate hydrocarbon origin, source rock characteristics, and thermal history. The analyzed samples revealed: a marine depositional environment (C₂₆/C₂₅ terpane ratios = 0.59–0.79), carbonate-dominated source rocks (C₂₉/C₃₀ hopane ratios = 4.78–5.55), sourcing from Paleozoic (Permo-Carboniferous) strata (C₂₈/C₂₉ sterane ratios = 0.44–0.57), and peak oil window – late maturation according to Ts/T, C29Ts/ C29Tm, C₂₉ sterane isomerization ratios. These findings demonstrate the basin's complex hydrocarbon generation history, with biomarker distributions indicating: marine organic matter input under anoxic conditions, carbonate-evaporitic source facies and thermal equilibrium consistent with primary oil generation. The results provide valuable insights for exploration strategies in similar frontier basins, with implications for reducing exploration risk and optimizing resource development. Future studies should combine these geochemical data with structural and stratigraphic analyses to refine migration models.

Прикаспийская впадинаанализ биомаркероворганическая геохимиястеранытерпаныГХ-МСматеринская породаобстановка осадконакопленияPrecaspian Basinbiomarker analysisorganic geochemistrysteraneterpaneGC-MSsource rockdepositional environmentReferencesJarassova, T., Altunsoy, M. Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Core Samples from Central Primorsk-Emba Province, Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan. SPE Virtual Annual Caspian Technical Conference (5–7 October, 2021).Jarassova, T., Altunsoy, M. Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Core Samples from Central Primorsk-Emba Province, Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan. SPE Virtual Annual Caspian Technical Conference (5–7 October, 2021).Peters, K.E., Moldowan, J.M. The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993).Peters, K.E., Moldowan, J.M. The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993).Seitkhaziyev, Y.Sh., Jarassova, T.S. Application of Oil Fingerprinting and Biomarker Analysis to Study FluidConnectivity and Reservoir Isolation and Genetic Typing of Oil Obtainedfrom the Eastern Caspian Basin (Kazakhstan). SPE Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition (Atyrau, 2024).Seitkhaziyev, Y.Sh., Jarassova, T.S. Application of Oil Fingerprinting and Biomarker Analysis to Study FluidConnectivity and Reservoir Isolation and Genetic Typing of Oil Obtainedfrom the Eastern Caspian Basin (Kazakhstan). SPE Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition (Atyrau, 2024).Moldowan, J.M., Sundararaman, P. and Schoell, M. Sensitivity of biomarker properties to depositional environment and/or source input in the Lower Toarcian of S.W. Germany. Organic Geochemistry, 10, 915–926 (1986).Moldowan, J.M., Sundararaman, P. and Schoell, M. Sensitivity of biomarker properties to depositional environment and/or source input in the Lower Toarcian of S.W. Germany. Organic Geochemistry, 10, 915–926 (1986).Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C. and Moldowan, J.M. The Biomarker Guide. II. Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Systems and Earth History, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2005).Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C. and Moldowan, J.M. The Biomarker Guide. II. Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Systems and Earth History, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2005).Peters, K.E., Cassa, M.R. The Petroleum System-from Source to Trap. AAPG Memoir, 60, 93–120 (1994).Peters, K.E., Cassa, M.R. The Petroleum System-from Source to Trap. AAPG Memoir, 60, 93–120 (1994).Seitkhaziyev, Y.Sh., Sarsenbekov, N.D., Rakhymberdi, R., Kairbekov, S.B. Geochemical studies – A pathway to understanding oil field characteristics. Oil and Gas, 3 (111), 21–33 (2019).Seitkhaziyev, Y.Sh., Sarsenbekov, N.D., Rakhymberdi, R., Kairbekov, S.B. Geochemical studies – A pathway to understanding oil field characteristics. Oil and Gas, 3 (111), 21–33 (2019).Jarassova, T., Altunsoy, M. Distribution of terpanes in crude oils: south Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the conference ACROFI-X (Almaty, 2024).Jarassova, T., Altunsoy, M. Distribution of terpanes in crude oils: south Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the conference ACROFI-X (Almaty, 2024).Seitkhaziyev Y.Sh, Uteyev R.N, Sarsenbekov N.D. Tassemenov Y.R. Integrating biomarker analysis with carbon stable isotope signatures for genetic classification and tracing possible migration pathways of hydrocarbon of Pre-Caspian Basin. SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference (2020).Seitkhaziyev Y.Sh, Uteyev R.N, Sarsenbekov N.D. Tassemenov Y.R. Integrating biomarker analysis with carbon stable isotope signatures for genetic classification and tracing possible migration pathways of hydrocarbon of Pre-Caspian Basin. SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference (2020).Grantham, P.J., Wakefield, L.L. Variations in the sterane carbon number distributions of marine source rock derived crude oils through geological time. Organic Geochemistry, 12, 61–73 (1988).Grantham, P.J., Wakefield, L.L. Variations in the sterane carbon number distributions of marine source rock derived crude oils through geological time. Organic Geochemistry, 12, 61–73 (1988).Mckirdy, D.M., Aldrige, A.K., Ypma, P.J.M. A geochemical comparison of some crude oils from PreOrdovician carbonate rocks. Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 99–107 (1981).Mckirdy, D.M., Aldrige, A.K., Ypma, P.J.M. A geochemical comparison of some crude oils from PreOrdovician carbonate rocks. Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 99–107 (1981).Seifert, W. K., Moldowan, J. M. Use of biological markers in petroleum exploration. In Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics (Johns, R. B., Ed. Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1986), pp. 261-290.Seifert, W. K., Moldowan, J. M. Use of biological markers in petroleum exploration. In Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics (Johns, R. B., Ed. Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1986), pp. 261-290.Seifert, W.K., Moldowan, J.M. Applications of steranes, terpanes and monoaromatics to the maturation, migration and source of crude oils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42 (1), 77-95 (1978).Seifert, W.K., Moldowan, J.M. Applications of steranes, terpanes and monoaromatics to the maturation, migration and source of crude oils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42 (1), 77-95 (1978).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.