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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2025-22-3-199-209</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-2116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О СТРУКТУРЕ МИНИМАЛЬНЫХ ТЕМНЫХ ВЫЧИСЛИМО ПЕРЕЧИСЛИМЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A NOTE ON THE STRUCTURE OF MINIMAL DARK CEERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадаев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badaev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Phys.-Math.Sc., Professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbadaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2550-2079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искаков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskakov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bheadr73@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-5915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмурзаев</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmurzayev</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">birzhan.kalmurzayev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-4438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асқарбекқызы</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askarbekkyzy</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student</p><p>Almaty </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms.askarbekkyzy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахстанско-Британский технический университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh-British Technical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бадаев С.А., Искаков А.М., Калмурзаев Б.С., Асқарбекқызы А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бадаев С.А., Искаков А.М., Калмурзаев Б.С., Асқарбекқызы А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Badaev S.A., Iskakov A.M., Kalmurzayev B.S., Askarbekkyzy A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2116">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2116</self-uri><abstract><p>Структура вычислимо перечислимых отношений эквивалентности относительно вычислимой сводимости (коротко – ceers) активно развивается на протяжении последних 25 лет. В обзоре Эндрюса и Сорби было показано множество структурных свойств структуры ceers. Эндрюс и Сорби исследовали существование супремумов и инфимумов. Они разделили структуру на две определимые части: темные (эквивалентности без эффективного трасверсаля) и светлые (с эффективным трансверсалем) эквивалентности и показали существование бесконечного числа минимальных (в том смысле, что строго под ними могут быть только конечные эквивалентности) темных ceers. Минимальные темные эквивалентности имеют следующее свойство: каждая пара классов вычислимо неотделима. Также в теории ceers изучаются слабо предполные эквивалентности (то есть те эквивалентности, для которых не существует вычислимых диагональных функций). Также у данных эквивалентностей каждая пара классов вычислимо неотделима. В связи с этим возникает вопрос о существовании минимальных темных эквивалентностей, не являющихся слабо предполными. В данной статье дается положительный ответ на этот вопрос. Через FS обозначим в.п. отношение эквивалентности все классы которого конечны. Эндрюс, Швебер, Сорби показали существование темных FS экивалентностей. В этой статье доказывается, что над любой темной FS эквивалентностью существует бесконечная антицепь темных FS эквивалентностей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The structure of computably enumerable equivalence relations under computable reducibility (commonly referred to as ceers) has been actively developed over the past 25 years. A comprehensive survey by Andrews and Sorbi presented numerous structural properties of ceers, most notably investigating the existence of joins and meets in the degree structure of ceers. They divided the structure into two definable parts: dark ceers (ceers without an effective transversal) and light ceers (ceers with an effective transversal). They also showed the existence of an infinite number of minimal dark ceers (modulo equivalence relations with finitely many classes). Minimal dark ceers exhibit the distinctive property that every pair of classes is computably inseparable. Furthermore, the classes of weakly precomplete equivalence relations (i.e. those that lack a computable diagonal functions) are also computably inseparable. In this context, a natural question arises: do minimal dark equivalence relations exist that are not weakly precomplete? This paper provides an affirmative answer to this question. Moreover, we establish the existence of an infinite family of non-weakly precomplete minimal dark ceers that avoids lower cone of a given non-universal ceer. We denote by FC the set of ceers consisting of only finite classes. Andrews, Schweber, Sorbi showed the existence of dark FC equivalences. In this paper, we prove that over any dark FC ceer, there exists an infinite antichain of dark FC ceers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отношение эквивалентности</kwd><kwd>вычислимо перечислимое отношение эквивалентности</kwd><kwd>вычислимая сводимость</kwd><kwd>слабо предполные отношения эквивалентности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Equivalence relation</kwd><kwd>computably enumerable equivalence relation</kwd><kwd>computable reducibility</kwd><kwd>weakly precomplete equivalence relation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>The work is supported by Science Committee of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grand no. AP19676989).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ershov, Y. L. Positive equivalences. 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