<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2025-22-3-36-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-2100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАЗРАБОТКА ЦИФРОВОГО ДВОЙНИКА ПРОЦЕССА СБОРКИ И ОЧИСТКИ КИСЛОЙ ВОДЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL TWIN FOR THE SOUR WATER COLLECTION AND PURIFICATION PROCESS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-6719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самигулин</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samigulin</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p><p> Almaty </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.samigulin@kbtu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3850-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маратұлы</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maratuly</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master's student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.maratuly@kbtu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахстанско-Британский технический университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh-British Technical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самигулин Т.И., Маратұлы Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самигулин Т.И., Маратұлы Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samigulin T.I., Maratuly T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2100">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/2100</self-uri><abstract><p>В нефтегазовой отрасли сбор и очистка кислой воды при дистилляции сырого газа является важным технологическим процессом. Оптимальное управление данным процессом позволит повысить эффективность производства, снизить экологические выбросы кислот и углекислого газа в окружающую среду и рациональнее использовать природные ресурсы на фоне растущих потребностей нефтегазовой индустрии. Данная работа посвящена проектированию цифрового двойника с использованием программного обеспечения компании Honeywell Unisim Design. Основное внимание уделено разработке и внедрению системы управления с разделением диапазона (англ. split-range control) в рамках динамической модели. Произведен анализ разработанной модели с историческими данными, где проверена достоверность модели. Разработана стратегия управления для промышленного контроллера C300 и HMI-интерфейс для операторов с целью интеграции цифрового двойника с распределенной системой управления Experion PKS. Цифровой двойник открывает новые возможности для создания и проверки новых схем управления, оптимизации параметров и настройки системы безопасности. По результатам опросов клиентов компании Honeywell внедрение цифровых двойников позволяет сократить капитальные затраты на проектирование более чем на 10%, сократить время разработки на 10% и увеличить производительность завода на 3–8 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the oil and gas industry, the collection and purification of sour water during crude gas distillation is a crucial technological process. Optimal control of this process can increase production efficiency, reduce environmental emissions of acids and carbon dioxide, and enable more rational use of natural resources amid the growing demands of the oil and gas industry. This study focuses on the design of a digital twin using Honeywell Unisim Design software. Special attention is given to the development and implementation of a split-range control system within a dynamic model. The developed model has been analyzed using historical data to verify its accuracy. A control strategy has been designed for the C300 industrial controller, along with an HMI interface for operators to integrate the digital twin with the Experion PKS distributed control system. The digital  twin unlocks new opportunities for developing and testing control schemes, optimizing parameters, and fine-tuning safety systems. According to customer surveys conducted by Honeywell, the implementation of digital  twins can reduce significant expenses for design by more than 10%, shorten development time by 10%, and increase plant productivity by 3–8%. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>нефтяная промышленность</kwd><kwd>управление с разделением диапазона</kwd><kwd>сложный объект</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>Unisim Design</kwd><kwd>распределенная система управления</kwd><kwd>Experion PKS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>oil and gas industry</kwd><kwd>split-range control</kwd><kwd>complex object</kwd><kwd>simulation</kwd><kwd>Unisim Design</kwd><kwd>distributed control system</kwd><kwd>Experion PKS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benson, C., Dimopoulos, C., Argyropoulos, C.D., Varianou Mikellidou, C., and G. Boustras. Assessing the common occupational health hazards and their health risks among oil and gas workers, Safety Science, 140, 105284 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benson, C., Dimopoulos, C., Argyropoulos, C.D., Varianou Mikellidou, C., and G. Boustras. Assessing the common occupational health hazards and their health risks among oil and gas workers, Safety Science, 140, 105284 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nalinakshan, S., Sivasubramanian, V., Ravi, V., Vasudevan, A., Sankar, M.R, and K. Arunachalam. Progressive crude oil distillation: An energy-efficient alternative to conventional distillation process, Fuel, 239, 1331–1337 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nalinakshan, S., Sivasubramanian, V., Ravi, V., Vasudevan, A., Sankar, M.R, and K. Arunachalam. Progressive crude oil distillation: An energy-efficient alternative to conventional distillation process, Fuel, 239, 1331–1337 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinsara, R.A. and A. Demirbas. Upgrading of crude oil via distillation processes, Petroleum Science and Technology, 34 (14), 1300–1306 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2016.1200080.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinsara, R.A. and A. Demirbas. Upgrading of crude oil via distillation processes, Petroleum Science and Technology, 34 (14), 1300–1306 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2016.1200080.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tengku Hassan, T.N.A., Shariff, A.M., Mohd Pauzi, M.M., Khidzir, M.S., and A. Surmi. Insights on Cryogenic Distillation Technology for Simultaneous CO2 and H2S Removal for Sour Gas Fields, Molecules, 27(4) (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tengku Hassan, T.N.A., Shariff, A.M., Mohd Pauzi, M.M., Khidzir, M.S., and A. Surmi. Insights on Cryogenic Distillation Technology for Simultaneous CO2 and H2S Removal for Sour Gas Fields, Molecules, 27(4) (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farhadian, A., Go, W., Yun, S., Rahimi, A., Reza Nabid, M., Iravani, D., and Y. Seo. Efficient dualfunction inhibitors for prevention of gas hydrate formation and CO2/H2S corrosion inside oil and gas pipelines, Chemical Engineering Journal, 431, 134098 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.134098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farhadian, A., Go, W., Yun, S., Rahimi, A., Reza Nabid, M., Iravani, D., and Y. Seo. Efficient dualfunction inhibitors for prevention of gas hydrate formation and CO2/H2S corrosion inside oil and gas pipelines, Chemical Engineering Journal, 431, 134098 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.134098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Farias Soares, A., Dellosso Penteado, E., Ramalho Diniz. A.A., and A. Komesu. Influence of operational parameters in sour water stripping process in effluents treatment, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 41, 102012 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Farias Soares, A., Dellosso Penteado, E., Ramalho Diniz. A.A., and A. Komesu. Influence of operational parameters in sour water stripping process in effluents treatment, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 41, 102012 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daniel, A., Sriramulu, S., Partheeban, N., and S. Jayagopalan, Digital Twin Technology and Applications, (New York, 2024), 400 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003469612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daniel, A., Sriramulu, S., Partheeban, N., and S. Jayagopalan, Digital Twin Technology and Applications, (New York, 2024), 400 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003469612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mounaam, A., Harmen, Y., Chhiti, Y., Souissi, A., Salouhi, M. and M. El Khouakhi, UnisimDesign Simulation and Analysis of a Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Plant with Double Absorption Process, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications – SIMULTECH, IN-STICC. SciTePress, 2020, pp. 91–100. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009832300910100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mounaam, A., Harmen, Y., Chhiti, Y., Souissi, A., Salouhi, M. and M. El Khouakhi, UnisimDesign Simulation and Analysis of a Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Plant with Double Absorption Process, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications – SIMULTECH, IN-STICC. SciTePress, 2020, pp. 91–100. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009832300910100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usmani, S., Gonzalez Quiroga, A., Vasquez Padilla, R., Palmer, G., and M. Lake, Simulation model of the characteristics of syngas from hardwood biomass for thermally integrated gasification using unisim design tool, Energy, 211, 118658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmani, S., Gonzalez Quiroga, A., Vasquez Padilla, R., Palmer, G., and M. Lake, Simulation model of the characteristics of syngas from hardwood biomass for thermally integrated gasification using unisim design tool, Energy, 211, 118658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zi´ołkowski, P., Madejski, P., Amiri, M., Ku´s, T., Stasiak, K., Subramanian, N., Pawlak-Kruczek, H., Badur, J., Nied´zwiecki, and D. Mikielewicz. Thermodynamic Analysis of Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant Using Aspen Plus, Aspen Hysys, and Ebsilon Software, Energies, 14(19) (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zi´ołkowski, P., Madejski, P., Amiri, M., Ku´s, T., Stasiak, K., Subramanian, N., Pawlak-Kruczek, H., Badur, J., Nied´zwiecki, and D. Mikielewicz. Thermodynamic Analysis of Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant Using Aspen Plus, Aspen Hysys, and Ebsilon Software, Energies, 14(19) (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirdel, S., Valand, S., Fazli, F., Winther-Sørensen, B., Aromada, S.A., Karunarathne, S., and L. E. Øi. Sensitivity Analysis and Cost Estimation of a CO2 Capture Plant in Aspen HYSYS, ChemEngineering, 6(2) (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6020028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirdel, S., Valand, S., Fazli, F., Winther-Sørensen, B., Aromada, S.A., Karunarathne, S., and L. E. Øi. Sensitivity Analysis and Cost Estimation of a CO2 Capture Plant in Aspen HYSYS, ChemEngineering, 6(2) (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6020028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yandrapu, V.P., and N.R. Kanidarapu. Energy, economic, environment assessment and process safety of methylchloride plant using Aspen HYSYS simulation model, Digital Chemical Engineering, 3, 100019 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dche.2022.100019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yandrapu, V.P., and N.R. Kanidarapu. Energy, economic, environment assessment and process safety of methylchloride plant using Aspen HYSYS simulation model, Digital Chemical Engineering, 3, 100019 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dche.2022.100019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kartal, F. and U. ¨Ozveren. A comparative study for biomass gasification in bubbling bed gasifier using Aspen HYSYS, Bioresource Technology Reports, 13, 100615 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kartal, F. and U. ¨Ozveren. A comparative study for biomass gasification in bubbling bed gasifier using Aspen HYSYS, Bioresource Technology Reports, 13, 100615 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olugbenga, A.G., Al-Mhanna, N.M., Yahya, M.D., Afolabi, E.A., and M.K. Ola. Validation of the Molar Flow Rates of Oil and Gas in Three-Phase Separators Using Aspen Hysys, Processes, 9 (2) (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olugbenga, A.G., Al-Mhanna, N.M., Yahya, M.D., Afolabi, E.A., and M.K. Ola. Validation of the Molar Flow Rates of Oil and Gas in Three-Phase Separators Using Aspen Hysys, Processes, 9 (2) (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K¨okdemir, B., and N. Acaralı. A novel study on CHEMCAD simulation of isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation process development, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 98(3), 100035 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2021.100035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K¨okdemir, B., and N. Acaralı. A novel study on CHEMCAD simulation of isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation process development, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 98(3), 100035 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2021.100035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Oliveira Hansen, J.P., da Silva, E.R., Bilberg, A., and C. Bro. Design and development of Automation Equipment based on Digital Twins and Virtual Commissioning, Procedia CIRP, 104, 1167–1172 (2021) 54th CIRP CMS 2021 - Towards Digitalized Manufacturing 4.0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Oliveira Hansen, J.P., da Silva, E.R., Bilberg, A., and C. Bro. Design and development of Automation Equipment based on Digital Twins and Virtual Commissioning, Procedia CIRP, 104, 1167–1172 (2021) 54th CIRP CMS 2021 - Towards Digitalized Manufacturing 4.0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reyes-L´ua, A., Zotic˘a, C., Forsman, K., and S. Skogestad. Systematic Design of Split Range Controllers, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(1), 898–903 (2019) 12th IFAC Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Process Systems, including Biosystems DYCOPS 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.06.176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reyes-L´ua, A., Zotic˘a, C., Forsman, K., and S. Skogestad. Systematic Design of Split Range Controllers, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(1), 898–903 (2019) 12th IFAC Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Process Systems, including Biosystems DYCOPS 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.06.176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Machado, D.O., S´anchez, A.J., Gallego, A.J., de Andrade, G.A., Normey-Rico, J.E., Bordons, C., and E.F. Camacho. Split-range control for improved operation of solar absorption cooling plants, Renewable Energy, 192, 361–372 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Machado, D.O., S´anchez, A.J., Gallego, A.J., de Andrade, G.A., Normey-Rico, J.E., Bordons, C., and E.F. Camacho. Split-range control for improved operation of solar absorption cooling plants, Renewable Energy, 192, 361–372 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samigulina, G.A., Samigulina, Z.I., and Zh.S. Lukmanova. Сognitive smart-technology of distance learning of Experion PKS distributed control system for oil and gas industry using ontological approach, News of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences, 1, 23–30 (2020). https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170X.3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samigulina, G.A., Samigulina, Z.I., and Zh.S. Lukmanova. Сognitive smart-technology of distance learning of Experion PKS distributed control system for oil and gas industry using ontological approach, News of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences, 1, 23–30 (2020). https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170X.3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haydary, J. Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications, (John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haydary, J. Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications, (John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2019).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu, Z. and I. Karimi. Simulation of a combined cycle gas turbine power plant in Aspen HYSYS, Energy Procedia, 158, 3620–3625 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu, Z. and I. Karimi. Simulation of a combined cycle gas turbine power plant in Aspen HYSYS, Energy Procedia, 158, 3620–3625 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basyouny, A. Experimental validation of numerical two-phase flow in a horizontal separator, Results in Engineering, 15, 100476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basyouny, A. Experimental validation of numerical two-phase flow in a horizontal separator, Results in Engineering, 15, 100476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otitoju, O., Oko, E., and M. Wang. Modelling, scale-up and techno-economic assessment of rotating packed bed absorber for CO2 capture from a 250 MWe combined cycle gas turbine power plant, Applied Energy, 335, 120747 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otitoju, O., Oko, E., and M. Wang. Modelling, scale-up and techno-economic assessment of rotating packed bed absorber for CO2 capture from a 250 MWe combined cycle gas turbine power plant, Applied Energy, 335, 120747 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Commission, I.E. et al. Programmable controllers-part 3: Programming languages, IEC 61131-3 (Ed. 2.0), 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Commission, I.E. et al. Programmable controllers-part 3: Programming languages, IEC 61131-3 (Ed. 2.0), 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
