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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-4-32-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-1537</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ КАЛЬЦИФИКАЦИЙ И РАКА ЛЕГКОГО В СИСТЕМЕ LUNG-RADS НА ОСНОВЕ РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLASSIFICATION OF LUNG CALCIFICATIONS AND CANCER IN LUNGS-RADS SYSTEM BASED ON RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-3114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нам</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nam</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр техн. наук, PhD студент</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master of Tech. Sci., PhD Student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.nam@kbtu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахстанско-Британский технический университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh-British Technical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нам Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нам Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nam D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1537">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1537</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак легких представляет собой значительную проблему для здравоохранения как в Казахстане, так и в мире, являясь одной из самых смертельных форм рака. Диагностика рака легких сложна, так как симптомы часто остаются незаметными на ранних стадиях. Более того, рак легких имеет общие клинические признаки с различными другими легочными заболеваниями, что усложняет его точное выявление. Точная диагностика обычно требует прокола легкого для последующей биопсии, что является высокоинвазивной и болезненной процедурой для пациента. Поэтому крайне важно отличать ложноположительные случаи на этапе диагностики с использованием компьютерной томографии. Мы провели сравнительный анализ пяти моделей машинного обучения (логистическая регрессия, решающее дерево, случайный лес, метод опорных векторов и наивный байесовский алгоритм) на основе радиологических признаков, извлеченных из аннотированных компьютерных томографий. Мы выбрали классические методы машинного обучения, потому что их процесс принятия решений легче контролировать по сравнению с нейронными сетями. Мы оценили модели с точки зрения бинарной и многоклассовой классификации, чтобы определить, связано ли данное образование с кальцификацией или раком, а также его классификацию согласно Lung-RADS, что позволяет решить, требуется ли дальнейшая биопсия или достаточно только рутинного наблюдения. Мы использовали метрику Precision для оценки количества ложноположительных предсказаний в задаче бинарной классификации. Precision стал ключевой метрикой в нашей оценке, предоставляя информацию о количестве ложноположительных предсказаний именно в задаче бинарной классификации. Для аспекта многоклассовой классификации мы обратились к Quadratic Kappa, надежной мере, учитывающей порядковый характер классов Lung-RADS. Наш анализ основывался на комбинации местных казахстанских данных и общедоступного набора данных LIDC-IDRI, подчеркивая нашу приверженность использованию разнообразных источников данных для улучшения диагностических возможностей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lung cancer represents a significant health challenge both in Kazakhstan and globally, standing out as one of the most fatal forms of cancer. Diagnosis of lung cancer is challenging as symptoms often remain undetectable in the early stages. Furthermore, lung cancer shares clinical features with various other pulmonary conditions, complicating its accurate identification. Accurate diagnosis typically involves lung puncture for subsequent biopsy, a highly invasive and painful procedure for the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish false positive cases in the diagnostic stage of computed tomography scans. We conducted a comparative analysis of five machine learning models (Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, and Naïve Bayes Algorithms) based on radiological features extracted from annotated computed tomography scans. We opted for classical machine learning methods because their decision-making process is easier to control compared to neural networks. We evaluated the models in terms of binary and multi-class classification to determine whether a given nodule is related to calcifications or cancers, as well as its classification according to Lung-RADS, enabling the management of whether further biopsy or only routine monitoring is necessary. We used Precision to evaluate the number of False Positive predictions in the binary classification task. Precision emerged as a pivotal metric in our assessment, offering insights into the number of false positive predictions specifically in the binary classification task. For the multi-class classification aspect, we turned to Quadratic Kappa, a robust measure that accounts for the ordinal nature of the Lung-RADS classes. Our analysis was underpinned by a combination of local Kazakhstani data and the publicly available LIDC-IDRI dataset, underscoring our commitment to leveraging diverse data sources to bolster diagnostic capabilities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>классификация рака легких</kwd><kwd>извлечение радиологических признаков</kwd><kwd>порядковые данные</kwd><kwd>обработка медицинских изображений</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung cancer classification</kwd><kwd>radiological feature extraction</kwd><kwd>ordinal data</kwd><kwd>medical image processing</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferlay J., Ervik M., Lam F., et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. 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