<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-3-48-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-1368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ ВТОРЖЕНИЙ В СЕТЬ ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ НАБОРА ДАННЫХ UNSW-NB15</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IOT NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING ON UNSW-NB15 DATASET</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-4429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омаров</surname><given-names>Бауыржан C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarov</surname><given-names>Bauyrzhan S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант </p><p>050040, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student </p><p>050040, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bauyrzhanomarov01@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-9086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Әуелбеков</surname><given-names>Ө. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Auelbekov</surname><given-names>O. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., с.н.с. </p><p>05000, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Phys.-Math. Sc., senior researcher </p><p>050000, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omirlan.auelbek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9279-6239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куламбаев</surname><given-names>Б. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulambayev</surname><given-names>B. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., ассоциированный профессор </p><p>050013, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Tech. Sc., Associate Professor </p><p>050013, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakhytzhan.kulambaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8341-7113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омаров</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarov</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, и.о. доцента </p><p>050040, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, acting associate professor </p><p>050040, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batyahan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт информационных и вычислительных технологий<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute Information and Computational Technologies<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет «Туран»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Turan University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Омаров Б.C., Әуелбеков Ө.А., Куламбаев Б.О., Омаров Б.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Омаров Б.C., Әуелбеков Ө.А., Куламбаев Б.О., Омаров Б.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Omarov B.S., Auelbekov O.А., Kulambayev B.O., Omarov B.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1368">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1368</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной исследовательской работе исследуется эффективность различных методов машинного обучения для решения задачи обнаружения сетевых аномалий в контексте сред Интернета вещей (IoT). Используя разнообразный набор параметров оценки, включая точность, прецизионность, отзыв, оценку F1, время обучения и анализ рабочих характеристик приемника (ROC), систематически сравниваются шесть различных методов машинного обучения. Полученные результаты подчеркивают практическую применимость логистической регрессии, которая является надежным выбором благодаря своим сбалансированным эксплуатационным характеристикам. Логистическая регрессия не только демонстрирует высокую точность обнаружения сетевых аномалий, но и значительно сокращает время обучения, что делает ее особенно подходящей для реальных приложений, где своевременное реагирование на аномалии имеет решающее значение. Это исследование дает ценную информацию о применении методов машинного обучения для повышения безопасности и целостности сетей Интернета вещей, решения сложных задач, связанных с обнаружением сетевых аномалий, и подчеркивает практическую значимость этих методологий в меняющемся ландшафте кибербезопасности Интернета вещей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the application of machine learning techniques for addressing the pervasive security challenges within Internet of Things (IoT) networks. With the exponential growth of interconnected devices, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of data transmissions has become increasingly critical. In this study, we deploy and evaluate seven distinct machine learning methods tailored to the IoT network intrusion detection problem. Leveraging the rich and diverse UNSW-NB15 dataset, encompassing real-world network traffic scenarios, our analysis encompasses a thorough examination of both traditional and state-of-the-art algorithms. Through rigorous experimentation and performance evaluation, we assess the efficacy of these methods in accurately detecting and classifying various forms of network intrusions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different machine learning approaches for enhancing the security posture of IoT environments, thereby facilitating informed decision-making for network administrators and cybersecurity practitioners.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Интернет вещей</kwd><kwd>вторжение</kwd><kwd>обнаружение атак</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IoT network</kwd><kwd>intrusion detection</kwd><kwd>IoT attack</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad M., Riaz Q., Zeeshan M., Tahir H., Haider S.A., &amp; Khan M.S. Intrusion detection in internet of things using supervised machine learning based on application and transport layer features using UNSWNB15 data-set. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2021, no. 1, pp. 1–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad M., Riaz Q., Zeeshan M., Tahir H., Haider S.A., &amp; Khan M.S. Intrusion detection in internet of things using supervised machine learning based on application and transport layer features using UNSWNB15 data-set. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2021, no. 1, pp. 1–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aleesa A., Younis M. O. H. A. M. M. E. D., Mohammed A.A., &amp; Sahar N. Deep-intrusion detection system with enhanced UNSW-NB15 dataset based on deep learning techniques. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2021, vol. 16, no.1, pp. 711–727.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleesa A., Younis M. O. H. A. M. M. E. D., Mohammed A.A., &amp; Sahar N. Deep-intrusion detection system with enhanced UNSW-NB15 dataset based on deep learning techniques. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2021, vol. 16, no.1, pp. 711–727.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuat, T. Ü. R. K. Analysis of intrusion detection systems in UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets with machine learning algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 465–477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuat, T. Ü. R. K. Analysis of intrusion detection systems in UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets with machine learning algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 465–477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kabir M.H., Rajib M.S., Rahman, A. S. M. T., Rahman M.M., &amp; Dey S.K. Network Intrusion Detection Using UNSW-NB15 Dataset: Stacking Machine Learning Based Approach. In 2022 International Conference on Advancement in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ICAEEE), 2022, February, pp. 1–6, IEEE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabir M.H., Rajib M.S., Rahman, A. S. M. T., Rahman M.M., &amp; Dey S.K. Network Intrusion Detection Using UNSW-NB15 Dataset: Stacking Machine Learning Based Approach. In 2022 International Conference on Advancement in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ICAEEE), 2022, February, pp. 1–6, IEEE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahar N., Mishra R., &amp; Kalam S. Deep learning approach-based network intrusion detection system for fog-assisted iot. In Proceedings of international conference on big data, machine learning and their applications: ICBMA 2019, 2021, pp. 39–50, Springer Singapore.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahar N., Mishra R., &amp; Kalam S. Deep learning approach-based network intrusion detection system for fog-assisted iot. In Proceedings of international conference on big data, machine learning and their applications: ICBMA 2019, 2021, pp. 39–50, Springer Singapore.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fathima A., Khan A., Uddin M.F., Waris M.M., Ahmad S. Sanin C., &amp; Szczerbicki E. Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models on the UNSW-NB15 Dataset: A Contemporary Approach to Cyber Threat Detection. Cybernetics and Systems, 2023, pp. 1–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fathima A., Khan A., Uddin M.F., Waris M.M., Ahmad S. Sanin C., &amp; Szczerbicki E. Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models on the UNSW-NB15 Dataset: A Contemporary Approach to Cyber Threat Detection. Cybernetics and Systems, 2023, pp. 1–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossain Z., Sourov M.M.R., Khan M., &amp; Rahman P. Network Intrusion Detection using Machine Learning Approaches. In 2021 Fifth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)(I-SMAC), 2021, November, pp. 438–442. IEEE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossain Z., Sourov M.M.R., Khan M., &amp; Rahman P. Network Intrusion Detection using Machine Learning Approaches. In 2021 Fifth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)(I-SMAC), 2021, November, pp. 438–442. IEEE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma B., Sharma L., Lal C., &amp; Roy S. (2023). Anomaly based network intrusion detection for IoT attacks using deep learning technique. Computers and Electrical Engineering, no.107, p. 108626.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma B., Sharma L., Lal C., &amp; Roy S. (2023). Anomaly based network intrusion detection for IoT attacks using deep learning technique. Computers and Electrical Engineering, no.107, p. 108626.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saheed Y.K., Abiodun A.I., Misra S., Holone M.K., &amp; Colomo-Palacios, R. A machine learning-based intrusion detection for detecting internet of things network attacks. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2022, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 9395–9409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saheed Y.K., Abiodun A.I., Misra S., Holone M.K., &amp; Colomo-Palacios, R. A machine learning-based intrusion detection for detecting internet of things network attacks. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2022, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 9395–9409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarhan M., Layeghy S., &amp; Portmann M. Towards a standard feature set for network intrusion detection system datasets. Mobile networks and applications, 2022, pp. 1–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarhan M., Layeghy S., &amp; Portmann M. Towards a standard feature set for network intrusion detection system datasets. Mobile networks and applications, 2022, pp. 1–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baich M., Hamim T., Sael N., &amp; Chemlal Y. Machine Learning for IoT based networks intrusion detection: a comparative study. Procedia Computer Science, 2022, no. 215, pp. 742–751.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baich M., Hamim T., Sael N., &amp; Chemlal Y. Machine Learning for IoT based networks intrusion detection: a comparative study. Procedia Computer Science, 2022, no. 215, pp. 742–751.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shareena J., Ramdas A., &amp; AP H. Intrusion detection system for iot botnet attacks using deep learning. SN Computer Science, 2021, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shareena J., Ramdas A., &amp; AP H. Intrusion detection system for iot botnet attacks using deep learning. SN Computer Science, 2021, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao R., Gui G., Xue Z., Yin J., Ohtsuki T., Adebisi B., &amp; Gacanin H. (2021). A novel intrusion detection method based on lightweight neural network for internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 9960–9972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao R., Gui G., Xue Z., Yin J., Ohtsuki T., Adebisi B., &amp; Gacanin H. (2021). A novel intrusion detection method based on lightweight neural network for internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 9960–9972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baniasadi S., Rostami O., Martín D., &amp; Kaveh M. A novel deep supervised learning-based approach for intrusion detection in IoT systems. Sensors, 2022, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 4459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baniasadi S., Rostami O., Martín D., &amp; Kaveh M. A novel deep supervised learning-based approach for intrusion detection in IoT systems. Sensors, 2022, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 4459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yin Y., Jang-Jaccard J., Xu W., Singh A., Zhu J., Sabrina F., &amp; Kwak J. IGRF-RFE: a hybrid feature selection method for MLP-based network intrusion detection on UNSW-NB15 dataset. Journal of Big Data, 2023, vol.10, no. 1, pp. 1–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yin Y., Jang-Jaccard J., Xu W., Singh A., Zhu J., Sabrina F., &amp; Kwak J. IGRF-RFE: a hybrid feature selection method for MLP-based network intrusion detection on UNSW-NB15 dataset. Journal of Big Data, 2023, vol.10, no. 1, pp. 1–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S., &amp; Pathak N.K. Evaluation Of Machine Learning Algorithms For Intrusion Detection Utilizing UNSW-NB15 Dataset. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022, pp. 4819–4832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S., &amp; Pathak N.K. Evaluation Of Machine Learning Algorithms For Intrusion Detection Utilizing UNSW-NB15 Dataset. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022, pp. 4819–4832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Ambusaidi M., Yinjun Z., Muhammad Y., &amp; Yahya A. ML-IDS: an efficient ML-enabled intrusion detection system for securing IoT networks and applications. Soft Computing, 2024, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1765–1784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Ambusaidi M., Yinjun Z., Muhammad Y., &amp; Yahya A. ML-IDS: an efficient ML-enabled intrusion detection system for securing IoT networks and applications. Soft Computing, 2024, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1765–1784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar N., &amp; Sharma S. A Hybrid Modified Deep Learning Architecture for Intrusion Detection System with Optimal Feature Selection. Electronics, 2023, vol. 12, no. 19, p. 4050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar N., &amp; Sharma S. A Hybrid Modified Deep Learning Architecture for Intrusion Detection System with Optimal Feature Selection. Electronics, 2023, vol. 12, no. 19, p. 4050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad Z., Shahid Khan A., Wai Shiang C., Abdullah J., &amp; Ahmad F. Network intrusion detection system: A systematic study of machine learning and deep learning approaches. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 2021, vol. 32, no. 1, e4150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad Z., Shahid Khan A., Wai Shiang C., Abdullah J., &amp; Ahmad F. Network intrusion detection system: A systematic study of machine learning and deep learning approaches. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 2021, vol. 32, no. 1, e4150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammad M., Hewahi N., &amp; Elmedany W. T - SNERF: A novel high accuracy machine learning approach for Intrusion Detection Systems. IET Information Security, 2021, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 178–190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammad M., Hewahi N., &amp; Elmedany W. T - SNERF: A novel high accuracy machine learning approach for Intrusion Detection Systems. IET Information Security, 2021, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 178–190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almomani O., Almaiah M.A., Alsaaidah A., Smadi S., Mohammad A.H., &amp; Althunibat A. Machine learning classifiers for network intrusion detection system: comparative study. In 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 2021, July, pp. 440–445. IEEE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almomani O., Almaiah M.A., Alsaaidah A., Smadi S., Mohammad A.H., &amp; Althunibat A. Machine learning classifiers for network intrusion detection system: comparative study. In 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 2021, July, pp. 440–445. IEEE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rashid M., Kamruzzaman J., Imam T., Wibowo S., &amp; Gordon S. A tree-based stacking ensemble technique with feature selection for network intrusion detection. Applied Intelligence, 2022, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 768–9781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rashid M., Kamruzzaman J., Imam T., Wibowo S., &amp; Gordon S. A tree-based stacking ensemble technique with feature selection for network intrusion detection. Applied Intelligence, 2022, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 768–9781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdulla A.R., &amp; Jameel N.G.M. A Review on IoT Intrusion Detection Systems Using Supervised Machine Learning: Techniques, Datasets, 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdulla A.R., &amp; Jameel N.G.M. A Review on IoT Intrusion Detection Systems Using Supervised Machine Learning: Techniques, Datasets, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
