<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz29</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Казахстанско-Британского технического университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of the Kazakh-British Technical University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-6688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-8109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Британский Технический Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-2-255-265</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz29-1271</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НОВЫЙ ГИБРИДНЫЙ СВЕТОДИОДНЫЙ ДРАЙВЕР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A NEW HYBRID LED DRIVER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7286-9990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразбаев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazbayev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD</p><p>050040, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sagi.orazbayev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7413-6360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джунусбеков</surname><given-names>Е. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhunusbekov</surname><given-names>E. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050000, г. Алматы</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erlan555dj@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2645-2309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евлоев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evloev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр</p><p>050000, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>bachelor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdulvogopovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9570-0021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмашева</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmasheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр</p><p>050000, г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>bachelor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurmasheva-2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахстанско-Британский технический университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh-British Technical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>265</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оразбаев С.А., Джунусбеков Е.Ж., Евлоев А.А., Курмашева А.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оразбаев С.А., Джунусбеков Е.Ж., Евлоев А.А., Курмашева А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Orazbayev S.A., Dzhunusbekov E.Z., Evloev A.A., Kurmasheva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1271">https://vestnik.kbtu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1271</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе предлагается новый гибридный светодиодный драйвер (hybrid LED driver). Гибридный светодиодный драйвер совмещает в себе принцип импульсного преобразования мощности, как в традиционном светодиодном драйвере (LED driver), с идеей переключения светодиодных линеек синхронно с входным напряжением, как в светодиодном модуле непосредственного включения в сеть (Direct ACLED module). Этот синтез обещает повысить эффективность и уменьшить электромагнитные помехи. Благодаря низким потерям мощности гибридный светодиодный драйвер привлекателен для интеграции в микросхему, что позволяет уменьшить размер и стоимость по сравнению с традиционными светодиодными драйверами, используемыми в настоящий момент. В гибридных светодиодных драйверах предшествующего уровня техники светодиоды работают в импульсном режиме переключения, что ограничивает эффективность из-за медленной работы светодиодов. Одновременно с этим интенсивность излучения таких светодиодов уменьшается в импульсном режиме. В предлагаемом новом драйвере исключен жесткий режим работы светодиодов, что повышает эффективность и уменьшает электромагнитные помехи. В статье дан анализ нового гибридного драйвера. Для подтверждения полученных результатов было проведено компьютерное моделирование с использованием специализированного программного обеспечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the paper, the new hybrid LED driver is proposed. The hybrid LED driver combines the idea of pulsed power conversion of a conventional LED driver with the idea of adjusting configurable LED strings synchronously with input voltage like in a direct AC LED module. This synthesis promises to increase efficiency and reduce electromagnetic interference. Due to low power loss a hybrid LED driver is attractive for circuit integration to reduce size and cost compared to the traditional LED drivers. But in the hybrid LED drivers of previous arts the topology exploits LEDs in switch-pulse mode operation, which limits the efficiency because of LEDs slow nature. In addition, the light intensity of the LEDs decreases in pulsed mode. Therefore the new hybrid LED driver is proposed to overcome the drawbacks. The attention was paid to preventing LEDs from hard switching to improve efficiency and alleviate EMI issues. To confirm the results obtained, computer modeling was performed using specialized software.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридный светодиодный модуль</kwd><kwd>светодиодный модуль непосредственного включения в сеть (Direct ACLED module)</kwd><kwd>бесконденсаторный светодиодный драйвер</kwd><kwd>высоковольтный светодиодный драйвер</kwd><kwd>светодиодное уличное освещение</kwd><kwd>надежность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hybrid LED module</kwd><kwd>Direct AC LED module</kwd><kwd>Capacitorless LED driver</kwd><kwd>High voltage LED  driver. LED street lighting</kwd><kwd>Reliability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа финансировалась Комитетом по науке Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан в рамках проекта AP № 19678370 «Исследование и разработка гибридного  светодиодного драйвера».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang S.-S., Hwang W.-S., Jang B.-J., Han S.-K. and Kang J.-I. (2014) Cost-effective single switch multi-channel LED driver. 2014 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPEMC.2014.6980704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang S.-S., Hwang W.-S., Jang B.-J., Han S.-K. and Kang J.-I. (2014) Cost-effective single switch multi-channel LED driver. 2014 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPEMC.2014.6980704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardesín J., García-Llera D., López-Corominas E., Calleja A.J., Ribas J. and Gacio D. (2013) Low cost intelligent LED driver for public Lighting Smart Grids. 2013 International Conference on New Concepts in Smart Cities: Fostering Public and Private Alliances (SmartMILE), Gijon, Spain, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartMILE.2013.6708167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardesín J., García-Llera D., López-Corominas E., Calleja A.J., Ribas J. and Gacio D. (2013) Low cost intelligent LED driver for public Lighting Smart Grids. 2013 International Conference on New Concepts in Smart Cities: Fostering Public and Private Alliances (SmartMILE), Gijon, Spain, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartMILE.2013.6708167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteki M., Khajehoddin S.A., Safaee A. and Li Y. (2023) LED Systems Applications and LED Driver Topologies: A Review, IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 38324–38358. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3267673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteki M., Khajehoddin S.A., Safaee A. and Li Y. (2023) LED Systems Applications and LED Driver Topologies: A Review, IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 38324–38358. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3267673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jha A. and Kumar M. (2018) A wide range constant current LED driver with improved power quality and zero standby. 2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference (eTechNxT), New Delhi, India, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETECHNXT.2018.8385327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jha A. and Kumar M. (2018) A wide range constant current LED driver with improved power quality and zero standby. 2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference (eTechNxT), New Delhi, India, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETECHNXT.2018.8385327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menke M.F., Duranti J.P., Roggia L., Bisogno F.E., Tambara R.V. and Seidel Á.R. (2020) Analysis and Design of the LLC LED Driver Based on State-Space Representation Direct Time-Domain Solution. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 12686–12701. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2995942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menke M.F., Duranti J.P., Roggia L., Bisogno F.E., Tambara R.V. and Seidel Á.R. (2020) Analysis and Design of the LLC LED Driver Based on State-Space Representation Direct Time-Domain Solution. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 12686–12701. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2995942.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelmessih G.Z., Alonso J.M. and Tsai W.-T. (2019) Analysis and Experimentation on a New High Power Factor Off-Line LED Driver Based on Interleaved Integrated Buck Flyback Converter. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 4359–4369. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2910785.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelmessih G.Z., Alonso J.M. and Tsai W.-T. (2019) Analysis and Experimentation on a New High Power Factor Off-Line LED Driver Based on Interleaved Integrated Buck Flyback Converter. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 4359–4369. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2910785.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shao J. and Stamm T. (2012) A low cost high power factor primary regulated offline LED driver. IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 4498–4502. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2012.6389460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shao J. and Stamm T. (2012) A low cost high power factor primary regulated offline LED driver. IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 4498–4502. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2012.6389460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osram Licht AG. (2022) Reliability and lifetime of LEDs. Appl. Note 006. https://media.osram.info/media/img/osram-dam-2496614/AN006_Reliability_and_lifetime_of_LEDs.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osram Licht AG. (2022) Reliability and lifetime of LEDs. Appl. Note 006. https://media.osram.info/media/img/osram-dam-2496614/AN006_Reliability_and_lifetime_of_LEDs.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H. (2018) A Viable Nontesting Method to Predict the Lifetime of LED Drivers, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1246–1251. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2826364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H. (2018) A Viable Nontesting Method to Predict the Lifetime of LED Drivers, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1246–1251. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2826364.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barwar M.K., Sahu L.K. and Bhatnagar P. (2022) Reliability Analysis of PFC Multilevel Rectifier Based LED Driver Circuit. 2022 Second International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T), Raipur, India, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPC2T53885.2022.9776846.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barwar M.K., Sahu L.K. and Bhatnagar P. (2022) Reliability Analysis of PFC Multilevel Rectifier Based LED Driver Circuit. 2022 Second International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T), Raipur, India, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPC2T53885.2022.9776846.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demir M., Yildiz A.B. and Ağir T. (2018) Observation of the Effects of Electrostatic Discharge and Lightning Surge on the Reliability of a LED Circuit Driven by Half-Bridge Converter. 2018 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), Amalfi, Italy, pp. 1073–1078. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDAM.2018.8445297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demir M., Yildiz A.B. and Ağir T. (2018) Observation of the Effects of Electrostatic Discharge and Lightning Surge on the Reliability of a LED Circuit Driven by Half-Bridge Converter. 2018 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), Amalfi, Italy, pp. 1073–1078. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDAM.2018.8445297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watté P., van Hees G., Engelen R., van Driel W.D. and Chen T. (2021) Reliability of Electronic Drivers: An Industrial Approach. 2021 18th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting &amp; 2021 7th International Forum on Wide Bandgap Semiconductors (SSLChina: IFWS), Shenzhen, China, pp. 246–249. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSLChinaIFWS54608.2021.9675170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watté P., van Hees G., Engelen R., van Driel W.D. and Chen T. (2021) Reliability of Electronic Drivers: An Industrial Approach. 2021 18th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting &amp; 2021 7th International Forum on Wide Bandgap Semiconductors (SSLChina: IFWS), Shenzhen, China, pp. 246–249. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSLChinaIFWS54608.2021.9675170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu B., Qi J., Yin X. and Sun Y. (2020) Consistency and degradation of electrochemical double layer capacitors under calendar ageing. 2020 Global Reliability and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM-Shanghai), Shanghai, China, pp. 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1109/PHM-Shanghai49105.2020.9280955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu B., Qi J., Yin X. and Sun Y. (2020) Consistency and degradation of electrochemical double layer capacitors under calendar ageing. 2020 Global Reliability and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM-Shanghai), Shanghai, China, pp. 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1109/PHM-Shanghai49105.2020.9280955.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzhunusbekov E.J., Orazbayev S.A. (2020) Electrolytic capacitor life time calculation under varying operating conditions, Journal of Vibroengineering, vol 22, Issue 3, pp. 721–734. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2019.20733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhunusbekov E.J., Orazbayev S.A. (2020) Electrolytic capacitor life time calculation under varying operating conditions, Journal of Vibroengineering, vol 22, Issue 3, pp. 721–734. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2019.20733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Awad K., Abdel-Rahim O., Gaafar M.A. and Orabi M. (2023) Design Methodology of an Electrolytic Capacitorless LED Driver Using SEPIC PFC Converter. 2023 IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE), Luxor, Egypt, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPERE56564.2023.10119530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Awad K., Abdel-Rahim O., Gaafar M.A. and Orabi M. (2023) Design Methodology of an Electrolytic Capacitorless LED Driver Using SEPIC PFC Converter. 2023 IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE), Luxor, Egypt, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPERE56564.2023.10119530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salazar-Pérez D., Ponce-Silva M., Alonso J.M., Aquí-Tapia J.A. and Cortés-García C. (2021) A Novel High-Power-Factor Electrolytic-Capacitorless LED Driver Based on Ripple Port, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 6248–6258. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3066145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salazar-Pérez D., Ponce-Silva M., Alonso J.M., Aquí-Tapia J.A. and Cortés-García C. (2021) A Novel High-Power-Factor Electrolytic-Capacitorless LED Driver Based on Ripple Port, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 6248–6258. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3066145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qu Y. and Qiu L. (2021) I2V2 Average Current Control for Modular LED Drivers, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3005571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qu Y. and Qiu L. (2021) I2V2 Average Current Control for Modular LED Drivers, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3005571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valipour H., Rezazadeh G. and Zolghadri M.R. (2016) Flicker-Free Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Universal Input Offline LED Driver With PFC, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 6553–6561. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2504378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valipour H., Rezazadeh G. and Zolghadri M.R. (2016) Flicker-Free Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Universal Input Offline LED Driver With PFC, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 6553–6561. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2504378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelmessih G.Z., Alonso J.M., Spode N. d. S. and M.A.D. Costa.(2020) Electrolytic-Capacitorless Off-Line LED Driver based on Integrated Parallel Buck-Boost and Boost Converter. 2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Detroit, MI, USA, pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS44978.2020.9334804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelmessih G.Z., Alonso J.M., Spode N. d. S. and M.A.D. Costa.(2020) Electrolytic-Capacitorless Off-Line LED Driver based on Integrated Parallel Buck-Boost and Boost Converter. 2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Detroit, MI, USA, pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS44978.2020.9334804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao L., Zhu Y. and Wu H. (2020) A New Electrolytic Capacitor-less LED Driver with Coupled-Inductor. 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 1537–1543. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC39645.2020.9124527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao L., Zhu Y. and Wu H. (2020) A New Electrolytic Capacitor-less LED Driver with Coupled-Inductor. 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 1537–1543. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC39645.2020.9124527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelmessih G.Z., Alonso J.M., Spode N. d. S. and Costa. (2022) High-Efficient Electrolytic-Capacitor-Less Offline LED Driver With Reduced Power Processing, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1804–1815. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3108137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelmessih G.Z., Alonso J.M., Spode N. d. S. and Costa. (2022) High-Efficient Electrolytic-Capacitor-Less Offline LED Driver With Reduced Power Processing, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1804–1815. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3108137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hongbo Gao et al. (2015) An electrolytic-capacitorless and inductorless AC direct LED driver with power compensation. 2015 IEEE 2nd International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), Taipei, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IFEEC.2015.7361491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hongbo Gao et al. (2015) An electrolytic-capacitorless and inductorless AC direct LED driver with power compensation. 2015 IEEE 2nd International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), Taipei, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IFEEC.2015.7361491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwu K.I. and Tu W.C. (2023) Controllable and Dimmable AC LED Driver Based on FPGA to Achieve High PF and Low THD, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1330–1342. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2012.2226042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwu K.I. and Tu W.C. (2023) Controllable and Dimmable AC LED Driver Based on FPGA to Achieve High PF and Low THD, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1330–1342. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2012.2226042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou H.-H. (2023) Design and Implementation of the Linear LED Driver, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 1059–1063. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2022.3219226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou H.-H. (2023) Design and Implementation of the Linear LED Driver, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 1059–1063. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2022.3219226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H. (2018) Developing highly reliable LED luminaries for high temperature applications using AC-direct driving LED technology. 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), San Antonio, TX, USA, pp. 3466–3470. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2018.8341602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H. (2018) Developing highly reliable LED luminaries for high temperature applications using AC-direct driving LED technology. 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), San Antonio, TX, USA, pp. 3466–3470. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2018.8341602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Gao Y. and Mok P.K.T. (2016) A multiple-string hybrid LED driver with 97% power efficiency and 0.996 power factor. 2016 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2016.7573396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L., Gao Y. and Mok P.K.T. (2016) A multiple-string hybrid LED driver with 97% power efficiency and 0.996 power factor. 2016 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2016.7573396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzhunusbekov E.J, Zhubatkhanova M.Sh. LED lighting apparatus with control, patent KZ32513, bul. 22, Nov. 30 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhunusbekov E.J, Zhubatkhanova M.Sh. LED lighting apparatus with control, patent KZ32513, bul. 22, Nov. 30 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chong K.-H., Gao Y. and Mok P. K.T. (2021) A Customized AC Hybrid LED Driver With Flicker Reduction for High Nominal Range Applications, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 1635–1639. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2021.3066416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chong K.-H., Gao Y. and Mok P. K.T. (2021) A Customized AC Hybrid LED Driver With Flicker Reduction for High Nominal Range Applications, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 1635–1639. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2021.3066416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
